CarHireOZ is a large chain of vehicle Rental Company over 1000 stores distributed over all cities in Australia. CarHireOZ lends vehicles such as cars, vans, minibuses ect. Customers can book vehicles online via the CarHireOZ website, as well as from rental stores. The stores also sell drinks, candies, posters, traveling maps and VIP cards etc. The revenue of the company is generated by rental fees, possible overdue fees (collected as part of returns). Rental price may vary between sessions, promotion periods or special events. The company has an operational database for the company.
Every month, the Headquarter (HQ) sends a central list with all available vehicles from the different suppliers, including price, availability information, the ratings and categories of vehicles to all stores. The company offers VIP Cards to those frequent vehicle hirers. VIP Cards can be used for the payment of hires.
? VIP card holders can be awarded for a certain amount discount when a vehicle is hires and paid by VIP card.
The discount varies depending on the membership classes between 5% and 10% of the regular rental price.
? Customers can recharge money on their cards with top-ups to increase the card balance. HQ management also analyses the usage of the VIP cards for all customer classifications by stores. They want the following information about each card (monthly figures):
? Starting balance
? Ending balance
? Average transaction amount
? Average top-up amount
? Number of top-ups during the month
? Number of rentals during the month Each store has a local operational database system to capture their day-to-day rental and sales.
Those stores record the following data into their databases: 3
? A receipts file containing all the individual receipts with their rental vehicles.
? A customer file containing:
? A list of all customer data captured by stores when new customers apply for membership as well as changes that existing customers communicate (such as change of address or changes the contact information).
? The identification of the class they are currently assigned to. o Customers are assigned to classes (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Regular). Classes are identified by a number of thresholds (LOW and HIGH values) for the following three attributes:
1. Recency: How long ago did the customer visit one of our stores?
2. Frequency: During the x last months, how often did the customer visit us?
3. LTV (Life Time Value): What is our estimation of the potential business this customer could generate over the next x months?
? Each vehicle is identified by a registration number, the colour of the vehicle, the year of made, the model, mileage, category of the vehicle: family, small, four-wheel drive, truck, bus etc. There is also a state for the availability of the vehicle and the rental price (according to the category or model of the vehicles).
? Each customer is described by a customer ID, a name, an address and birthday, telephone when booking a vehicle. The customer is initially assigned to a Regular class.
? A booking record includes a booking number, type of the car and customer’s information.
? A rental contract record is made when the customer collecting the vehicle. The contract stipulates the rental period, the rental rate, the is-state and vehicle insurance policy, so on.
The driver’s license, the registration number of the vehicle, the driver’s credit card number and payment method must be included in the contract.
? The data about each returning of vehicle will be recorded. The contract file will be read out when the driver returns the vehicle. Fill in all items for the state of returned vehicle to check any damage, the fuel, insurance Status, kilometre usage, the rental overdue or earlier return etc. The final payment including damage or overdue penalty will be calculated.
? The inventory of drinks & candies are also recorded in the database table. Management wishes to perform detailed analysis of their company's performance and has decided to build a data warehouse to assist their business analysis and decision making for new vehicle purchase and good marketing. The business analysis are processed as follows: Rental and Sales Analysis: In order to get a complete picture of the revenue this business is generating, the following revenue streams must be analysed:
? Rentals
? Returns (overdue fees)
? VIP cards
? Sales Item sales.
4 The revenue streams will be performed using only the actual price of individual vehicles as indicated in the transaction records. That price indicates the price including any promotions. The business questions are often asked as follows:
? What categories of Vehicles are less popular?
? What Vehicle categories most often rent to full capacity?
? What are the best ratios of the different Vehicle categories for sustained profit maximisation?
? Are the customers hiring cars mostly for private use or business travel?
? Are there certain times of the year we have more vehicles been hired?
? What is the main location of those people (customers) renting online? Which age group hires the most vehicles?
? How many percentage of customers make payment using cash?
? Have those promotions in March attracted more customers? Any of those promoted cars have not been hired at all?
? How much do we make on rentals in the last financial year? How does this compare to the past 2 years?
? How much do we make on overdue fees in last 5 years?
? Which categories of vehicles have made the highest profit?
? Which of those selling items are popular with highest sales?
? Whether the vehicles under promotion experienced an increase in rental during the promotional period?
? Whether the vehicles under promotion showed a drop in rental just prior to or after the promotion thereby cancelling any gain
? Whether the promotion was profitable
? Any of those promoted cars in the period of December holiday did not get hired at all? What are their categories?
? What sale items in store did not sell at all? The HQ management is also checking their inventory daily to check the shortage and surplus of vehicles for scheduling among their stores.
? How many 4WD have left in Bundoora store?
? Are those small cars short in City store?
? Do we often transfer family cars from city to airport store?
? Which stores have stocked more than they needed? The management also analyse the different revenue stream on VIP cards:
? What is the average amount of VIP recharge monthly?
? How many percentage of customers are using VIP card to pay their car hires?
? Which class contains the largest number of customers among Platinum, Gold, Silver and Regular? Therefore, managers can work out the discount level. Advertisement/commercials Cost analysis:
In order to compute the effectiveness of the promotion, several factors have to be considered:
? The total cost of the promotion for media campaigns 5
? The rental revenues generated for the targeted vehicles (lift)
? The impact on revenues for other vehicles within the same category during that same period (cannibalization and/or upsell) Therefore, the need to analyze rental/sales revenue that includes the promotions were applied for the Vehicles that were rented. We can get the total Rental and Sales records about which promotion affected the actual price of the vehicles and sold items. The rental may increase the sales and revenue during the promotions.
Each promotion is specified with a promotion_id, the applied period to what categories of vehicles and the percentage of original listed price. On the other hand, the promotions have costs associated to media campaigns. That is, the cost on each promotion with associated media campaigns should be measured. The managers need to look at what is the cost of each media campaign type (for example, TV Ad, Coupon, Local Newspaper Ad or internet etc) and whether they are effective to increase their car hires and produce higher business benefits. The executives want to compare the benefits of the different media advertisements. They also identify which media provider can offer good deals to CarHireOz company. The promotions can be decided centrally or locally, depending on the cases. It is then the responsibility of the store manager to apply promotions during the sales/rental activities. The subjects of the promotion describes its scope (which products are affected), the stores, the period, the applied customer group, and the involve media companies.
For example:
? a list of specific Vehicles (for example, all 4WD Vehicles),
? a specific category of Vehicles (all van Vehicles during Xmas)
? the groups of customers may benefit from it, Eg., all customers or a specific class (Gold and Platinum)).
? Media companies involved for the promotions The management is looking for determining whether the promotion was effective:
? Need to get the total rental of each promotion involved vehicles –from sale transactions fact.
? Need to get the total cost of each promotion associated media companies
? Were any promotion campaigns successfully achieved great profit?
? Which media is most beneficial across different promotion media types? Hint: the number of media types are not fixed to each promotion campaign. You need to use one of techniques you learned in the lecture for solving many to many relationship between the fact table and the dimension table.
6. Your Task: (100 marks total) Your task is to design a data warehouse for CarHireOZ using Star Schema/Snowflake Modelling. Your design needs to encompass the following steps:
(i) First construct a Data Warehouse Bus Matrix to identify the company's business processes and any likely Data Marts. Explain each business process with few sentences. (10 marks)
(ii) Design the star schema for all Data Marts you have identified, ensuring your Dimensions are conformed, primary and foreign keys are clearly labelled, and that your 6 attributes are named using verbose textual descriptions. List 3 rows of each fat table to demonstrate your correct measures to the grain of the business process you have modelled. Your design must be able to answer all questions and requirements in the aforementioned descriptions. (40 marks)
(iii) Create the following table with a row for each fact table in your design, indicating the granularity of each fact and a brief justification for choosing that granularity. (12 marks). Fact table name Fact granularity Brief justification
(iv) Create the following table with a row for each dimension table in your design, giving a brief justification for choosing that dimension, and indicating any attribute hierarchies that exist within the dimension. (12 marks). Dimension table name Brief justification Attribute hierarchies
(v) Create the following table with a row for each design feature you have used, such as handling of possible null foreign keys, and the inclusion of any fact-less fact tables, degenerate dimensions, role playing dimensions, junk dimensions, outriggers, minidimensions, bridge dimensions or any other design techniques discussed in the lectures.
Provide a brief description of each design feature used (how and where it is used – not the theory behind the concept) and a justification for its use (16 marks). Design feature Brief description Brief justification
(vi) Identify which fields from your facts/dimensions are required to answer the following selected some business questions. (10 marks) (Notice: your design should be able to answer all questions in the aforementioned case study.)
1. Whether the promotion was profitable? That is, whether the vehicles under promotion experienced an increase in rental during the promotional period? (Hint: need to get the original priced rentals before or after the promotions)
2. Which media type is most effective? That is, the profitable promotion used which media type? (Hint: the result from question one as the part of the answer to this question)
3. Any stores have rented out more vehicles during the promotion on Christmas holiday?
4. What vehicles were on promotion but did not rent?
5. Who are top 5 customers make a year out of all stores.
6. Which categories of Vehicles have made the highest profit in past year?
7. What is the main age group of those customers renting online?
8. What is the preferred payment method of customers? Lecturer’s
Notes: 7
? It is not enough to just draw the shapes of the facts and dimensions in the data warehouse/ data marts. Each fact/dimension should be completely defined, with keys and facts/attributes clearly described;
? All information from the given business problem should be recognisable in your final data warehouse;
? Your final data warehouse should be able to answer all business questions listed. If one question cannot be answered using your proposed solution, it means the solution is not completely correct and you have to rethink it;
Answer:
|
Fact table name
|
Fact granularity
|
Brief justification
|
|
RENTAL_SALES
|
TotalRentAmount
|
This fact is for storing the amount of rent price collected for each vehicle or model in a span of time
|
|
TotalRentOfVehilceDuringPromotion
|
The quantity of rents made for a particular vehicle or model is stores in this fact.
|
|
TotalItemSold
|
The items are stored in a dimension table. This fact represents the quantity of items sold.
|
|
TotalRevenue
|
Revenue reflects the total business growth. This fact stores the details of the total revenue in currency form
|
|
Rent_Start_Date
|
The DATE_TABLE on which the rent starts
|
|
Rent_End_Date
|
The DATE_TABLE on which the rent ends
|
|
ADVERTISEMENT_COMMERCIAL
|
TotalCosOfPromotion
|
This fact allows the organization to find the entire cost of promotions
|
|
TotalProfitFromPromotion
|
The entire profit made from individual promotions are stored in this fact
|
|
TotalRentOfVehilceDuringPromotion
|
This fact stores the sales of vehicles based on the models
|
|
TotalProfitFromMediaCompany
|
The total profit made from promotions made through media company. This fact will assist in better investment
|
|
PromotionPeriod
|
This fact stores the time period of the promotions
|
4. Justification and Attribute Hierarchy of the Dimension Tables:
|
Dimension table name
|
Brief justification
|
Attribute hierarchies
|
|
VEHICLE_TYPE
|
Vehicle type is generated solely for collecting the details of the type of vehicle. This dimension has huge impact on business as various cost of rent highly depends on the vehicle type.
|
typeID (PK)
description
price
|
|
VEHICLE
|
The vehicle dimension table is proposed for storing the data associated with every vehicle present at the organization. This dimension table holds the registration number of the vehicle and the model number also.
|
registrationID (PK)
colour
madeyear
model
mileage
availability
photo
|
|
CUSTOMER
|
Customers are source of business. They are the key of producing more profit. In order to make more money, the organization must be able to analyse the customer behaviours and other details properly. The promotions are based mostly on this dimension table
|
customerID (PK)
lastName
firstName
birthDate
address
city
state
zip
phone
|
|
MEMBER_CLASS
|
The member class has a high place in the warehouse designs. It is because, the class of the member is base of rent charge and discounts
|
ClassID (PK)
Classdescription
Recency
Frequency
Life_Time_Value
|
|
BOOKINGS
|
The bookings are made for each rent. collecting and storing these records are very essential for the business. The bookings is for identifying whether the booking has been done online or not.
|
BookingNO (PK)
OnlineBooking
|
|
DRIVER
|
The driver details are very essential for the organization. Without the details of the drivers, the organization cannot rent a car
|
driverID (PK)
lastName
firstName
birthDate
address
city
state
zip
phone
licenceNO
creditcard
|
|
CONTRACTS
|
The contracts act as the proof of settled services and returns. This dimension allows the business to find the details of mode of payment for each rent, start and end dates of rent.
|
CONTRACTSID (PK)
insurance
paymentmethod
condition
limitmileage
|
|
RETURN_PROTOCOL
|
This dimension allows the organization to find the damages for each rent or damages a vehicle has faced during lifetime.
|
RETURN_PROTOCOLID (PK)
damage
usage
overduedays
totalcost
|
|
DATE_TABLE
|
The DATE_TABLE dimension table allows the organization to search results based on timescale
|
Date_ID (PK)
Date
Day
DayOfWeek
Month
Year
Quarter
|
|
PROMOTION
|
The promotion tables holds the type of promotion such as TV or other and the cost of that particular promotion
|
PromotionID (PK)
Type
Cost
|
|
ITEMS
|
The details of the ITEMSs are required to determine the total revenue
|
ITEMSID (PK)
Type
Name
Cost
|
|
ITEMS_SALE
|
Total sales of items is find through this dimension table
|
ItemID (PK)(FK)
customerID (PK)(FK)
ITEMSName
CustomerName
|
|
STORES
|
The details of the stores are very essential for understanding business perspective and taking various decisions
|
STORESID (PK)
Name
Address
ContactNo
FaxNo
|
|
MEDIA_COMPANY
|
This dimension assist in finding the details of media company
|
CompanyID (PK)
Type
Charge
|
5. Data Warehouse Design Features:
|
Design feature
|
Brief description
|
Brief justification
|
|
Bridge Table
|
The many-to-many relations are not suitable for any database. The bridge table serves as the connection between two relations in many-to-many relation and divide into two relations.
|
ITEMS_SALE dimension table acts as the connector between Items and Sales dimensions. The primary key of each of the two tables are the foreign key in ITEMS_SALE table.
|
|
Conformed dimension
|
This conformed dimensions allows the organization to find similar results for different perspectives. Such as sales amount for individual employee or a whole store
|
Custmer, STORE and RETURN_PROTOCOL generate similar results but for different time line or propose.
|
|
Junk Dimension
|
This dimension provides the answer of a query in positive or negative.
|
The ITEMS_SALE can be considered as a junk dimension as the item sold at least once will be recorded into this dimension. By finding the existence of an item in this table will allow the organization finding whether that particular item has even sold or not.
|
|
Mini Dimension
|
This dimension is for portraying the quickest change in the warehouse.
|
booking dimension is the first dimension that is called when a car rent process initiates. No matter what the status of booking is this table will be updated. Therefore, this dimension reflects the quickest changes.
|
6. Identification of Fields:
Question 1:
- Advertisement_Commercials: PromotionID, Total_Cost_of_Promotion, Total_Profit_from_Promotion, registrationID, DATE_ID
- DATE_TABLE: Day, Month
- VEHICLE: model
Question 2:
- Advertisement_Commercials: PromotionID, Total_Cost_of_Promotion, Total_Profit_from_Promotion, registrationID, DATE_ID, CompanyID
- DATE_TABLE: Day, Month
- MEDIA_COMPANY: CompanyID
Question 3:
- RENTAL_SALES: Total_Rent_Amount, Total_Rent_of_Vehilce_During_Promotion
- DATE_TABLE: DATE, Month
- BOOKINGS: BOOKINGSNO
Question 4:
- RENTAL_SALES: Total_Rent_of_Vehilce_During_Promotion, Rent_Start_Date
- DATE_TABLE: DATE, Month
- BOOKINGS: BOOKINGSNO
Question 5:
- RENTAL_SALES: customerID, STORESID, RegistrationID, CONTRACTSID
- DATE: Year
- CUSTOMER: lastName, firstName
Question 6:
- RENTAL_SALES: registrationID, returnprotocolid, Total_Rent_Amount
- DATE_TABLE: Year
- VEHICLE: model
- BOOKINGS: BookingNO
Question 7:
- RENTAL_SALES: customerID, BOOKINGNO
- BOOKINGS: OnlineBOOKINGS
Question 8:
- RENTAL_SALES: Customer_Key, CONTRACTID
- CONTRACTS: paymentmethod
Bibliography
Chaplot, V., 2016. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA WAREHOUSE PROTOTYPE WITH IN THE CONTEXT OF RELATIONAL ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (DATA ANALYSIS). International Education and Research Journal, 2(9).
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Khojah, M. and Mannino, M., 2017. Mastering Data Warehouse Maturity Concepts Using a Serious Game: Design and Implementation of Emerge2Maturity. In Proceedings of the EDSIG Conference ISSN (Vol. 2473, p. 3857).
Kraus, C. and Valverde, R., 2014. A data warehouse design for the detection of fraud in the supply chain by using the benford’s law. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(9), pp.1507-1518.
Ross, T.R., Ng, D., Brown, J.S., Pardee, R., Hornbrook, M.C., Hart, G. and Steiner, J.F., 2014. The HMO Research Network Virtual Data Warehouse: a public data model to support collaboration. Egems, 2(1).
Shahid, M.B., Sheikh, U., Raza, B., Munam Ali Shah, A.K., Anjum, A. and Javaid, Q., 2016. Application of Data Warehouse in Real Life: State-of-the-art Survey from User Preferences’ Perspective. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 7(4), pp.415-426.
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