Commgmt 2500 Organisational Behaviour | Assessment Answers

The different companies as given in the list are some of the best companies as present in the United Kingdom and Europe respectively. These companies have taken considerably efforts in order to ensure that they are successfully able to achieve success and that this success is largely concerned with its employee and workforce base (Miner 2015). The companies use a large variety of methods in order to ensure that they are able to motivate their employees to work well in order to ensure that they are able to successfully work for the success of the organization. The methods used are given as follows:

1. Creation of a positive business environment: These businesses as present, aim to ensure that positive work culture is created which thereby goes a long way in ensuring that the different employees are able to function well for the purpose of the firm.
   
   
2. Setting viable goals: The companies set viable goals for the employees which thereby enables them to function well and have a particular objective set (co.uk. 2018).
   
   
3. Providing incentives to the employees: The companies provide a set of incentives to the different employees which thereby acts as an instigating factor to encourage them to work for the welfare of the firm (Minkov et al. 2017).
   
   
4. Sharing of profits: Some of the companies in the list, believe in profit sharing which is another motivating factor for the employees.
   
   
5. Employee engagement: Engaging the employees and allowing them to take certain decisions is another method through which the companies in the United Kingdom motivate the employees (Favaretto et al. 2016).
   
   
6. Rewarding achievements: Lastly, recognition and rewards go a long way in assisting the employees to feel appreciated and they get motivated.

3.Over the past few decades, various theories related to the concept of leadership have been rightfully developed which then go a long way in ensuring that using this theory, the organization is successfully able to form the ideal image of an organizational leader (Youtube.com . 2018). The two popular theories of leadership are the trait theory and the behavior theory.

The traits theory of leadership state down the certain social, physical, and intellectual traits which separate the leaders from the non-leaders (Pinder 2014). These certain traits can be either intelligence, assertiveness, flexibility, self-confidence, understanding of the needs of the people, accepting of responsibility and other related factors.

On the other hand, the behavioral theory of leadership states that the behavior of leaders is quite different from that of non-leaders and that there does not exist any in born talent with the help of which the leaders function. According to the theory, the different leaders in an organization can be trained easily and hence made effective. Hence the major differences between these two theories can be identified as follows:

1. The traits theory states that the efficiency of a leader is based on the individual characteristics whereas the behavioral theory suggests that it is based on the task and relationship orientation.
   
   
2. The traits theory believes that leaders are born whereas the behavioral theory believes that leaders are trained (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014).
   
   
3. The traits theory believes that leaders are required to have certain inherent qualities and broadly focuses on the mental qualities. On the other hand, the behavioral theory depends on more democratic qualities.

The manner in which organizations can select and develop effective leaders are as follows:

A good recruitment as well as a selection plan will assist the firm to choose efficient leaders (Robbins and Judge 2014). The recruitment test needs to comprise of tests and competencies which shall evaluate the qualities of the employment and engage in effective career planning activities.

Moreover, the organization needs to share its ideas effectively and take ownership of their tasks. For instance, Tim cook is an exceptional leader for Apple.

4.

five sustaining innovations 

Sustaining innovation can be rightfully defined as the improvement in the performance of the existing products so that the company enjoys sustained positioning in the market. Given below are certain sustained innovations which have affected me in the past year:

• The upgradations in performance of Apple iPad and iPhone
• The various home appliances like smart TVs, ACs and others
• Moreover, the upgradation in the DTH Services as well.

These products have reflected an improvement in their performance and thus for this reason these improvements act as a sustainable advantage for the firm.

 five disruptive innovations 

The disruptive innovations can be defined as one where the creation of a new market is done by a firm and the value network is completely displaced and the old product is discarded (Gelfand et al. 2017). The innovations of these kinds usually take place in order to make the life of the individual better and make it easy for them to carry out their operations. Certain disruptive innovations which have taken in the past are as follows:

• Amazon Fire-stick
• The Smartphones which are used.
• The ear pods
• The OLED Technology
• The devices like smart watches.

These disruptive innovations have been welcomed by the different consumers because of the benefits they provide to the customers and make their lives easier.

5.Organizational Behavior can be rightfully defined as the management of the behavior of the different employees as present in an organization (Saleem and Larimo 2017). The organizational behavior primarily seeks to deal with the interpersonal skills of the individual, the motivational levels, the leadership style of the employees and the manner in which the different conflicts may be managed in an organization. However, another point worth noting is that these HRM Practices as well as training and leadership style are culturally relative. This means that, the manner in which the organization is dealt with depends on the culture of the company and the country as well.

Figure 1: The Hofstede`s comparison between States and United Kingdom

(Source: Hofstede-insights.com. 2018).

For instance, if the Hofstede`s cultural dimensions are taken into consideration, the culture of the United States of America and the companies present there can be stated to be quite different from the culture of the United Kingdom. This means that, with respect to individualism the dependence of the people on the society is large in case of the United Kingdom and in case of the United States the different individuals are not highly dependent on one another. With respect to aspects like Power distance, masculinity, long term orientation and uncertainty index the two different cultures are quite different from one another and hence, these aspects can stated to be culturally relative.

References

Favaretto, R.M., Dihl, L., Barreto, R. and Musse, S.R., 2016, September. Using group behaviors to detect hofstede cultural dimensions. In Image Processing (ICIP), 2016 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 2936-2940). IEEE.

Gelfand, M.J., Aycan, Z., Erez, M. and Leung, K., 2017. Cross-cultural industrial organizational psychology and organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), p.514.

Greatplacetowork.co.uk., 2018. Great Place to work. [Online]. Available at: www.greatplacetowork.co.uk (Accessed on: 25 Sept. 2018).

Hofstede-insights.com., 2018. National culture. [online]. Available at: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/ (Accessed on: 25 Sept. 2018).

Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. and Luthans, K.W., 2015. Organizational Behavior: An EvidenceBased Approach. IAP.

Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.

Minkov, M., Dutt, P., Schachner, M., Morales, O., Sanchez, C., Jandosova, J., Khassenbekov, Y. and Mudd, B., 2017. A revision of Hofstede’s individualism-collectivism dimension: A new national index from a 56-country study. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 24(3), pp.386-404.

Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press.

Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2014. Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson.

Saleem, S. and Larimo, J., 2017. Hofstede cultural framework and advertising research: An assessment of the literature. In Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. VII) (pp. 247-263). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.

Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014. Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Youtube.com ., 2018. Ten Leadership Theories in 5 minutes [online]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKUPDUDOBVo (Accessed on: 25 Sept. 2018).