Astro 801 Planets Stars Galaxies Assessment Answers
Answer
Definition of Pluto
Definition of a planet
An object is referred to as a planet if it possesses the following characteristics:
- Revolves round the sun
- Has substantial mass to be spherical or nearly round
- It has removed small objects or debris from the periphery of its orbit
- It is not a satellite or a moon of another body
These definitions were put forward by the International Astronomical Union, IAU. The name planet comes from the Greek word ‘wanderer’. Planet exploration dates back to the year 1600 with the invention of the telescope. This helped astronomers like Galileo Galilei to observe the orbiting moons of Jupiter. Little was known about Uranus, Neptune calling for advanced exploration of an unknown planet X that was believed to be disturbing the orbit of these two planets. It was during this scouring that Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930 which was beyond Neptune’s orbit (Howell, 2018).
Why Pluto Was a Planet
Planet was previously a planet since it orbits round the sun. Similarly, it has an eccentric orbit which is about 30 to 49 billion km from the sun. Moreover, the satellite images took by new horizons spacecraft outlines a spherical body of ice and rocks. Funny enough, sun rays take 5 hours to reach the surface of Pluto.
Why Pluto Was demoted as a Planet
The IAU developed a new definition of bodies that met planetary criteria but have not yet cleared debris from the periphery of its orbit. They referred to these bodies as ‘dwarf’ planets. Pluto is located outside the Kuiper’s belt and it has not cleared debris along its orbit. This forced IAU to demote it to the dwarf planets along with other bodies like Eris, Haumea, Makemake and Ceres (Stern et al., 2018).
References
Stern, S. A., Grundy, W. M., McKinnon, W. B., Weaver, H. A., & Young, L. A. (2018). The Pluto System after New Horizons. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 56, 357-392.
Howell, E. (2018). What Is a Planet? Retrieved from https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.space.com/25986-planet-definition.html
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