ASS0721 Health And Social Care | NHS England Organisation

Introduction

In this assignment, there is the analysis of NHS England. NHS England organisation is the public funded organisation. This organisation provides free Healthcare medical facility to all the English residents. The funding for this organisation is possible with the help of general taxation system of the United Kingdom. Department of health United Kingdom regulates NHS England. The personality of an individual situation with the individual is having an impact on the behaviour of a person in the organisation is analysed in this report. The differences and the similarities in the cultural values followed in NHS England are understood in this assessment. Different approaches for managing the behaviour of the organisation is also investigated in this report. Characteristics of Management is having a crucial role in NHS England is determined in this report. Professionalization for managing things in the organisation is analysed in this assessment. Responsibilities and roles of the manager in an organisation are assessed in this assessment. After that, there is analysis regarding decision making. Pros and cons of group decision making are described in this assessment. The method that can be used for group decision making is also understood in this report. For taking the effective decision leadership roles are defined in this assessment.

Task 1

1.Explain how personality and situational strength interact to influence behaviour in the organisation.

Many circumstances take place with the employees of an organisation. It is a matter of fact that people react to different situations. Situations play an important role in the behaviour of a particular individual. This can be understood well with the help of an example. Any person is in the military or in sports then person will react with aggression. The behaviour of the person will be aggressive (Shamir & Howell, 2018). The reason behind for such behaviour is the circumstances and the situation with the militant and the sportsperson respectively. In the provocation situation, passive people can become aggressive.

The psychological characteristic of the individual can be stable in the present situation. This is because of the personality of the particular individual. Therefore the influence of personality on behaviour creates debate on the behaviour of the individual in the organisation. The prediction of the behaviour can be done with the help of the personality of the individual. The dynamic situation also plays a role in the good behaviour of the individual. The behaviour of the individual can be determined by both situation and the personality of the individual.

The behaviour of the individual can vary in a different situation. Therefore situation can be helpful in analyzing individual behaviour for the particular point in time. For the prediction of the future work of the particular person, personality will be helpful. Choices also reflect the personality of the particular person. Personality shows the behaviour of choices of an individual. The choices of the situation can also be done because of the personality of an individual (Crossan, Mazutis and Seijts, 2013). This can be understood with the help of an example. For example, if the particular individual is having the courage to lead the team in NHS England then the person will optimise the opportunities of leading the different task.

The behaviour of the individual also influenced because of the interpretation of the situation. The person who is having a daring personality will tackle the issues arises in the organisation. A calm and cool person always remains stable in the problematic situation in the organisation. The problem of the organisation can be solved easily with this type of person. It is the interpretation of the person by which different situation can be analysed. The consistent behaviour can be shown by some of the individuals because of their strong personality. Traits can arise on the basis of the situation also. Some of the traits can arise for the shots period of time according to the situation.

Some of the situations can be strongly predicted by the individual. According to the prediction, an individual can behave. For example, in NHS England if the failure of service occurs when some of the individuals will unable to find the solution to this situation (Chou, 2014). On the other side, some of the employees of the NHS England will analyse the problem and make it correct so that other services to patients will not be affected. They will also make out a solution for the affected goods so that error from the goods can be removed.

In this way, it can be said that personality and situation both play an important role in the analysis of behaviour in a different context.

2. Identify similarities and differences in cultural values.

There can be a different type of cultural values that can be followed by an organisation. Cultural values play a vital role in organisational behaviour. Good organisation behaviour will lead to good workplace Ambience. Different type of similarities and dissimilarities can be possible with the cultural values followed in the organisation.

Innovation is the cultural value that can provide large benefits to the organisation. Innovation brings quality in the Healthcare Services. Transparency is followed in the organisation for making satisfaction among the patients. Providing good quality services with the help of innovation and transparency both provide satisfaction to the patients (Chan, Satterfield and Goldstein, 2012).

Trust among the employees of an organisation can also be created with the help of transparency followed for them. Innovation cannot be helpful in meeting out the demands and needs of the employees. Innovation can be used for fulfilling that needs of the organisation. The need for getting high revenues and profits can be accomplished.

Involvement of the employees in organisation and adaptability according to changes in the organisation are the cultural values that followed in the organisation. Both cultural values ensure the effectiveness of the work of the employees for the organisation. These cultural values also help in creating accountability of employees towards the organisation. These cultural values also motivate employees to do hard work for the organisation. The dissimilarity among these cultural values is the involvement of results in less absenteeism while adaptability to change can result negatively and lead to absenteeism (Ahern, Daminelli and Fracassi, 2015).

Mission and goal of an organisation provide direction to the Employees for working in an organisation. The steps can be made according to the core values of the organisation. It is the culture of an organisation to follow its mission. Orientation to time is the cultural value that is followed in the organisations. The goals and mission should be accomplished within the decided time frame. Both of the cultural values are helpful in getting results according to the objectives of the organisation. Thedifference between these cultural value is the mission of an organisation is a long-term goal that have to be followed by the organisation. The orientation of time is made according to the specific objectives of an organisation.

Gender equality and right to equal opportunity to the employee are the cultural values that also followed in the NHS England. It is very necessary for the organisation to provide equal opportunity to all the employees whether the employee belongs to any ethnicity or nationality. The hiring of the employees should not be based on the genders of a candidate. Equal salaries are provided in the organisation on any employee whether the employees male or female. Therefore these cultural values are having a similarity of equality for all. The difference is gender equality is limited to gender-based differences (Minkov&Hofstede, 2012). Right to equal opportunity is for all differences that used to take place in the organisation.

3.Explain the difference between person-organisation and person-job fit approaches to the selection process to manage behaviour within the organisation.

Person organisation fit in the selection process is compatibility between the employee and the organisation. This theory is based on assumption. The first assumption is the behaviour of individualism a function of a personality and Ambience around the individual. Another assumption is that working Ambience and individual are compatible. Person organisation fit is the theory signifies that if the particular individual is having the same cultural values that the organisation is having then that individual will be attracted to the organisation (McCormack, 2017). It can also be said that organisation will hire that employees who are meeting the cultural value demand of an organisation. Any individual used to see that up to what extent he or she is congruent to the NHS England. This makes the person decide to join an organisation. This approach also provides a choice to remain with the company or not.

The organisational behaviour can be managed with the help of person organisation fit approach. The work attitude of an employee of an organisation can be according to the vision of an organisation. The employee will be satisfied with the job in the organisation. The commitment of the employee will be higher towards the organisation.

There will be less employee turnover in the organisation. Stability of the working employees will be more because of person organisation fit approach. This will be helpful in saving the cost of an organisation. Job performance of an individual will also become good enough because of this approach. This will helpful for the organisation growth and development (Warr&Inceoglu, 2012).

The traits and personality of an individual will decide the adaptability of a person towards the organisation. The workplace efficacy depends on the personality-job fit approach. If the adaptability of an individual according to the organisation can be accomplished then the performance of the individual will be high. Job description plays an important for recruiting the individual. The individual according to the needs of workers in NHS England can be selected with the help of job description. The competencies and skills can also be checked under personality-job fit approach U

This will be helpful in achieving the organisational goals. The behaviour of the organisation can be made according to the slogan and vision of an organisation. There will be fewer issues among the employees for the work because of the implementation of the personality-job fit approach (Peng& Mao, 2015). for example, if an individual in NHS England is giving an extraordinary performance as compared to a team then that individual is more adaptable to organisational behaviour. The compatibility of that particular individual to the organisation can be created easily with this approach.

4.Define management and its characteristics in the organisation.

The process of dealing and controlling the activities of an organisation is called as management. Strategy setting for the employees according to the organisational objective is also known as management. Management is simply managing things. It is the combination of controlling, organising, forecasting, planning ,coordinating commanding of things and resources available to the organisation. There can be the different type of characteristics of management in the organisation. This can be understood as

Management is a goal-oriented process

The organisation is having specific goals. Goals are something that gives the direction of work. The organisation motivates the employees of the organisation according to the goals. The task can be accomplished with the help of goal-oriented process in an easy manner.

Continuous process

It is a continuous process that has to be accomplished by the employees of an organisation. The planning of different processes is a continuous method that has to be implemented for the growth and success of an organisation. All the different processes that are associated with the organisation have to be continuous in nature so that effective management can be the output (Boulware, et. al., 2016).

Multidimensional

Management includes operation management, people management and work management. Different type of work that is associated with the NHS England is managed under the work management category. Thenon-living resources are managed under the category of Operation Management. The living resources in the organisation that is human are managed under the people management. The management is also applied to the veterinary organisation and forest management.

Dynamic

It is the dynamic function in which changes in objective have to be accomplished according to the situation and circumstances. Business environment external forces played an important role in making changes to the organisation that can be managed with the help of Management (Chartier, 2014).

Group activity

Management is more pertaining to group activity as compared to individual activity within the organisational context. The collective decision making is taken so that different things can be managed easily.

Intangible

Services under the management are intangible services. This type of function cannot be seen but the presence of this function can be felt. Mismanagement can lead to confusion among the employees as well as patients of the organisation.

The balance between effectiveness and efficiency

The balance between effectiveness and efficiency can be accomplished with the help of management in an organisation. Effective use of the resources present to the organisation can be accomplished with the help of Management leads to good efficiency in the organisation (Antheunis, Tates and Nieboer, 2013). The functioning of the different processes in the organisation can be done well with the help of management results in enhancing the effectiveness of work in NHS England.

Management is not limited to big firms. It can be used in all type of organisation whether it is small or large. It is not limited to the business organisation. It can be used in voluntary organisations also. Management is used in schools, house, Hospital and clubs.

5.Assess the professionalisation of management in the organisation

Professionalization is the method of transformation of trade into the profession of highest skill and completeness. The profession is a body that is having a specialised knowledge about the particular work. Professionalism is done for creating a social responsibility for the society. The services and the product of medical care that can provide ease to the life of patients are made by the professionals for the patients. Professionalization is the standard that can be set for governing and managing the organisation and its operation with the help of clients, employees and public (Manners, 2017).

The professionalization of the management in the organisation can be doneas: -

The organisation can be made a systematic body that is competent in the knowledge of the work. The process of the organisation can be made specialised so that effective working can be possible. The proper code of conduct is followed for the functioning of the specific task for professionalization.

There should be observance from the high level of authorities of NHS England on the work and functioning. This is the part of management that is followed by high authorities. This is the method of monitoring of work. This will be beneficial for completing effective work for the organisation.

The application of new knowledge and innovation should be such that it is beneficial for the patients. The method of providing effective product and services to the patients is a part of the professionalization of Management (Numerato, Salvatore and Fattore, 2012). This will bring satisfaction to the patients of an organisation.

In this way, it can be said that professionalization plays an important role in providing better services to patients. Professionalization helps to increase the patient’s base of an organisation. Efficient methods can be developed with the help of professionalization. The research and development of the process that can make better services are also the outputs of professionalization.

6.Assess the roles and responsibilities of managers in the organisation

There are many types of roles and responsibilities of a manager. This can be understood as: -

Care

It is the duty of a manager to take care of the staff of an organisation. Implementing the equality rights for the employees of an organisation is the key to good organisational behaviour. It is the method that is being followed by the manager of an organisation. It is the responsibility of the manager to analyse different issues between the employees of the organisation. The manager used to tackle the issues between employees and sort out the issue. The concerns that are raised by the employees of an organisation are evaluated by the manager.

Support

For the effective Ambience at the workplace it is necessary for the manager to be supportive. The manager should help staff in their task. It is the responsibility of the manager to provide specification and knowledge about the task to the Employees so that good functioning of an organisation can be accomplished. The different problems regarding task as well personal problem are listening by the managers of the organisation. Maintaining open Team environment and maintaining organisation as one are the responsibility of the manager.

Administration

The role of the manager is to administer the different processes that are present in the organisation. Manipulation and making changes in the work according to the situation is done by the manager of an organisation. All the requirements of an organisation are met or not being checked by the manager of an organisation. Fulfilling the deadline of the different task of organisation is monitored by the manager of an organisation.

Leadership

A manager leads the teams in the organisation. Manager provides direction to the Employees for the new task as well as an existing task (Hibbard & Greene, 2013). Creating coordination among the employees of the organisation like NHS England is the responsibility of the manager. It is the leadership of manager by which all the employees able to work with full of coordination in the team. A good leader always welcome new innovative ideas from the employees of an organisation. After that, the managers have to think about the idea of whether it can be implemented in the organisational context or not.

Emergency response plan

Managers have to make a plan according to the critical situation that arises in the organisation. The critical situation like an error in the manufacturing can be possible in the organisation. Therefore in a critical situation the manager should be competent enough to make an emergency plan (Brett, et. al., 2014).

Instructor

All the instructions are given by the manager to the employees of the organisation. The new rules and guidelines regarding the task and process of the organisation are made understood by the manager to the employees of the organisation. A manager also trains the employees of an organisation. All the important information regarding the task is provided by the manager to the employees of the organisation.

Ensure good ambience

It is analysed by the manager of an organisation that good ambience is there at the workplace or not (Betancourt, et. al., 2016). Effective recreational activities are planned by managers. This is helpful in maintaining the good organisational culture.

Decision making

It is very necessary for the manager to take the important decision of organisation. Decisions are taken collectively with the employees of an organisation by the manager. Suggestions of the employees are helpful in making decisions for the organisation by managers.

Task 2

Decision making is the cognitive process that is followed by employees of the organisation for the selection of a course of action that has to be taken for the organisation. Decision making is the alternative possibility that has to be implemented for the organisation for a particular cause. The distance between is the process of deciding and choosing alternative on the basis of preference for the organisation. Decision making is an important part of an organisation that decides the result of any step taken for the organisation.

1.Examine the nature of decision making and behaviour in group decision making

The 7 natures of the decision making can be described as: -

Goal-oriented process

Decision making is the goal-oriented process. For a specific, the decision has to be taken by the manager and employees of the organisation like NHS England. For achieving the specific goal of an organisation, many methods are available for achieving the goal to the organisation. It is the decision that has to be taken by which the goal can be achieved easily.

Art as well as science

It can be considered art as well as science. In the critical situation like an emergency in the organisation the right decision taken in a fast manner can be considered as part of amanager (Oshima Lee & Emanuel, 2013). The collective decision on the basis of Thinking the pros and cons of the decision can be considered as a science for the decision.

Selection process

Different type of alternative are available are available at the time of decision making by the manager of an Optimisation. The method that will be best suited for the organisation will be taken as a decision. The reason for adapting the particular decision can be more advantageous to the selected decision.

Continuous process

Decision making for an organisation is a continuous process. Differenttype of functioning takes place in the organisation like operations of patients. The effective functioning helps in the growth of an organisation. Decisions have to be taken continuously for accomplishing the different regular task of an organisation (Stiggelbout, et. al., 2012). Therefore it can be said that decision making is a continuous process for an organisation.

Collective responsibility

Decision making is a collective responsibility of employees, leader and manager of the organisation. The collective decision has to be taken by all. In some of the decision making suggestions from the employees are taken and the decision is taken by the senior authority of the organisation. Decision making enhances the coordination between the employees of the organisation.

Positive as well as negative

The decision that has been taken for the organisation can be positive as well as negative it can give any outcome, but it is necessary to take a decision. Positive decisions are in the favour of growth of an organisation. The negative decision provides an experience to the organisation so that in the future better decisions can be taken (Barry & Edgman-Levitan, 2012).

Future action

Future actions of the organisation depend on the decision taken and at present. The decision will provide a way to the organisation for future actions.

Different type of behaviour is followed for decision making in the group are: -

• Consensus decision making is the type of decision making in which the majority of people decide is the past for the organisation. This type of decision making is implemented to eradicate the Winner and Loser situation at the time of group decision making in the organisation like NHS England.
  
  
• The voting based method is the type of decision making in which majority criteria is set for 50%. If the particular 50% vote shares then the particular decision have to be taken for the organisation. This is the democratic method of making a decision for the organisation.
  
  
• Delphi Method is the type of decision making in which the qualitative forecasting can be accomplished for the group decision making (Goetghebeur, et. al., 2012).
  
  
• Democracy is the type of decision-making behaviour that is followed in group decision making. There are a number of Ideas that are poised by employees of the organisation. For the agreement on one idea sheets are given to the employees of the organisation in which agreement for a particular Idea has to be made by the employees of the organisation. These are some of the behaviours that are followed in the group decision making in the organisation.

2.Clarify the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making

Advantages of group decision making

A diversity of Ideas is available in group decision-making methods. Different type of Ideas provides an opportunity to select the best idea that can be suitable for the organisation. Number of Ideas provides more knowledge about the topic on which the decision is to be taken. This will be like training for the employees of an organisation to know about the particular topic on which the decision is being taken.

Group decision making provides a greater commitment for the task for which the decision is being made. A number of employees will be involved in creating out a new idea that can be favourable for the particular task. The collective decision which is suitable is taken as a final decision.

Group decision making result in enhancement of coordination between the employees of the NHS England. Group decision making is like a team building activity that creates a good environment in the organisation. The employee gets to know about the critical thinking skills of another employee. Group decision making overall creates good thinking skills for the employees of the organisation (Hwang & Lin, 2012).

The decision that will have greater accessibility will be the final decision. The decision is taken according to the thinking of the employees in the organisation. It creates a good environment in the organisation. A sense of belonging towards the organisation is also accomplished among the employees of the organisation.

Disadvantages of group decision making

Group decision making is a time-consuming process. A large number of Ideas has to be taken from different employees of the organisation. On the number of Ideas, the decision has to be made on the basis of different behaviours of group decision making. Therefore it can be said that it wastes the time of the organisation.

There can be multiple groups can be made within the group. Grouping can be the situation within the NHS England.

Compromising the decision is the situation with some of the employees whose decision is not chosen as the final decision. There is a sense of unusual feeling in which employee thought that his or her decision is not accepted (Saaty & Peniwati, 2013).

Various methods of group decision making involve the high cost for conducting voting etc. therefore group decision making is expensive to process.

There can be a situation of the rushing of decision making in the organisation. The reason behind the rushing is the group decision making.

Due to a large number of Ideas in the organisation for a particular decision sometimes there is the situation in which responsibility is denied by the manager of the organisation.

3.Critically analyse the leadership role in group decision making.

Role of a leader for a group decision making can be as follows

Commanding

The leader should be commanding. The leader should provide the necessary information regarding the topic on which the decision has to be taken. The information regarding the deadlines for a decision is provided by the leader to the employees of the organisation. Immediate guidance can be provided to the Employees so that better decisions can be taken collectively.

Collaborating

The leader has to welcome all the ideas from employees. The leader should be collaborative. Effective coordination can be made by the leader of the employees of the organisation at the time of decision making. Collaboration should be such that there will not be the situation of conflict between the employees because of the decision. All such things are ensured by the leader of the organisation (Yue, 2012).

Democratic

Little should be democratic. At the time of decision making, fair policy should be the reason for selecting the final decision from a bunch of ideas. The leader always makes a final decision in making most of the employees satisfied with the decision. The final decision is a part of the change in the organisation, therefore, a satisfaction of employees is necessary (Laughlin, 2014).

Laissez faire

It is the French Turbo that means let do. It is the responsibility of the leader to make the employees feel free while giving ideas for the decision. There will be full of freedom that can be provided to the Employees while decision making in the group. This will be a good image of the organisation among the employees of the organisation. This is the part of a good organisational culture that should be followed in the organisation. This creates motivation among the employees of the organisation. This helps the employee to give an idea for the organisation with full of commitment in group decision making (Yu, Wu and Zhou, 2012).

Authoritarian

At the time of decision making in the group the leader should be authoritative. The leader should have proper control over the group. The leader should be such that all the members obey the instruction of leader. This will be helpful in conducting group decision making easier and with a proper code of conduct.

Open leadership

A leader at the time of group decision making should have open Outlook. Conducive climate should be established by a leader at the time of decision making in the group. A leader should encourage diverse Idea among the employee population so that best decision can be taken for the NHS England. A leader can adjust according to the situation so that effective decision making in a group can be possible (Betancourt, et. al., 2016).

Group decision making plays an important role in the organisation. Different type of methods can be used for taking a group decision. There is an advantage as well as disadvantages of group decision making for the organisation. Strong leadership can be a helpful group decision making the process for an organisation.

Conclusion

NHS England is providing good services to its patients. Employee behaviour can be analysed well with the help of leadership as well as the situation. Cultural values in the organisation are very necessary. Person organisation approach helps in searching those candidates as an employee of the organisation that is suitable to specific organisational culture. Person-job fit approach makes the employee compatible according to the organisation. With the help of Management, effective services can be provided to the patients of NHS England. Managers are the entity that can provide effective management in the organisation with good professionalism. Group decision making can be good Final Decision. It can also be concluded for NHS England that group decision making is favourable as well as non-favourable for this organisation. A good leader can lead to good decision making process in the group.

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