Acom 117: Introduction To Science Assessment Answers

Answer:

Introduction

The bipolar disease occurs repetitively, implying that more than 90 percent of the people who have a single manic episode will proceed to encounter this episode in the future. Patients with bipolar disease encounter emotions that are beyond their control (Studart, Bezerra Filho, Studart, Almeida & Miranda-Scippa, 2015) Various types of bipolar disorder range with levels of severity which include, Cyclothymia, Mixed Bipolar, Rapid Cycling., Bipolar II and Bipolar I. the most severe is the Bipolar I which comprises at least one episode of full-out manic. Bipolar II contains manic episodes that are less extreme as compared to Bipolar I. Rapid Cycling bipolar includes four or more of depression or mania yearly that are experienced by the patient. An estimate of 10% and 20% of patients with bipolar disorder experience rapid cycling. In mixed bipolar the patient experience the features of both depression and mania. Finally patients with Cyclothymia bipolar experience mild symptoms of bipolar disorder characterized by mild mood swings.

Findings

In the recent years, a greater comprehension of bipolar disorder spectrum has been achieved with levels of significant sadness, alongside different mindset states between these two boundaries. Bipolar turmoil appears to be running in families, and there have all the features of being a hereditary part of this state of mental disease. There is likewise developing proof that condition and way of life issues affect the turmoil's severity (Pavlickova et al., 2013). Stressful life occasions, liquor or abuse of medication, can cause bipolar disorder more hard to treat

Causes 

The causes of bipolar disease have not been documented. Environmental, neurochemical and genetic factors have been attributed to the onset and progression of bipolar disorder (Martinowich, Schloesser & Manji, 2009). It has been found by research that this disorder occurs in the human brain in specific parts. The occurrence of this diseases in mind is due to brain chemical that malfunction which includes, noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. The causes include genetic factors, neurochemical factors, and environmental factors.

Symptoms

The symptoms of the bipolar disease vary with the type and person. Generally, the symptoms are characterized by mood swings that are cycling between affections of activity and high energy. The individual with the disease may also experience feelings of hopelessness, depression, and sadness. During the phase of manic, the patient may experience symptoms of weight loss and loss of appetite, an outlook that is positively exaggerated, insomnia, poor concentration, and excessive irritability among others. In the phase of depression, the individual feels hopeless and sad, experiences poor concentration, constant lethargy, and energy loss as well as feelings of guilt among others.

Effect

Bipolar disorder is linked to high levels of mortality and morbidity. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience comorbid psychiatric conditions, for instance, eating disorders, substance or alcohol abuse and anxiety disorders. Medical complications include obesity which all contribute to increased illness burden to the patients, physicians, and family members (Anderson, Haddad & Scott, 2012). The depression of bipolar is linked to an increased risk of committing suicide and disruption in social, work and family. The burden of health also leads to indirect and direct economic costs to the patient and society.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of bipolar is carried out by a psychiatrist or an expert on mental health by taking note of the symptoms that range from frequency, length, and severity. These symptoms are noted down by asking questions about family and personal history of the disorder or any mental illness. The metal expert can also ask questions that focus on memory, reasoning and the ability of the patients to express themselves as well as the ability to maintain relationships (Kapczinski & Gentil, 2005)

Treatment

This condition is treated by various classes of medication that include, antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. In the acute treatment, the focus is on suppressing symptoms that are current which continues until remission which takes place after the diminishing of symptoms in a specified period. Continuation treatment help to prevent symptoms from returning. Finally, maintenance treatment helps to prevent symptoms recurrence (Fountoulakis et al., 2007).

Prevention

Bipolar disorder cannot be prevented, however, is significant that early signs that serve as warnings for any bipolar disorder impending episode should be checked. Early recognition of this disorder can allow the patient to monitor medications and mood as well as prevent the escalation of the disease. One of the prevention strategies is for those patients who have experienced its symptoms to stick to medication to prevent recurrence (Ellison, Mason & Scior, 2013).

Discussion

Both adolescents and children can develop the bipolar disease with a high chance of affecting those children whose parents have this condition. Maniac children are more irritable and destructive. Any sickness, be that as it may, effective treatment relies upon the proper diagnosis (Cochran, Schultz, McInnis and Forger, 2018). Children or youths with passionate and social manifestations ought to be precisely assessed by a psychological wellness proficient. Any kid or juvenile who has self-destructive sentiments about suicide or endeavors death ought to be considered seriously and ought to get prompt assistance from an emotional well-being specialist.

Conclusion

Bipolar disorder has been diagnosing commonly in children and adolescents. It implies that people whose members of the family have this condition should be aware that they have high chances of bipolar disorder development. People should continuously monitor themselves for any symptoms of depression or mania to prevent their segregation.

Recommendations

• Bipolar disorder public awareness should be conducted about its symptoms to prevent disease segregation.
• Advanced technologies should be put in place to help find the proper cure and prevention of the disorder.
• Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids should be synthesized and put in fortified foods by the government as it has been found to treat the disorder.

References

Anderson, I., Haddad, P., & Scott, J. (2012). Bipolar disorder. BMJ, 345(dec27 3), e8508-e8508.

Cochran, A., Schultz, A., McInnis, M., & Forger, D. (2018). Testing frameworks for personalizing bipolar disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 8(1).

Ellison, N., Mason, O., & Scior, K. (2013). Bipolar disorder and stigma: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 805-820.

Fountoulakis, K., Vieta, E., Siamouli, M., Valenti, M., Magiria, S., & Oral, T. et al. (2007). Treatment of bipolar disorder: a complex treatment for a multi-faceted disorder. Annals of General Psychiatry, 6(1), 27.

Kapczinski, F., & Gentil, V. (2005). CANMAT guidelines for bipolar disorder: a commentary from South America. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 87-88.

Martinowich, K., Schloesser, R., & Manji, H. (2009). Bipolar disorder: from genes to behavior pathways. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(4), 726-736.

Pavlickova, H., Varese, F., Smith, A., Myin-Germeys, I., Turnbull, O., Emsley, R., & Bentall, R. (2013). The Dynamics of Mood and Coping in Bipolar Disorder: Longitudinal Investigations of the Inter-Relationship between Affect, Self-Esteem and Response Styles. Plos ONE, 8(4), e62514.

Studart, P., Bezerra Filho, S., Studart, A., Almeida, A., & Miranda-Scippa, Â. (2015). Social support and bipolar disorder. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 42(4), 95-99.