49309 Quality Planning and Analysis-Materials Management

Write an introduction about your PRODUCT, SERVICE or WORK including its key functions and characteristics that are important for quality planning and analysis activities. Identify at least 10 Stakeholders and minimum 2 Needs for each stakeholder.A stakeholder need is something that a stakeholder expects from a company in regard to their operations, products, services, etc.Research different methods which can be used for capturing customer needs.

Based on the SWOT analysis you have conducted in Section 2.2, decide on a method you think is the most appropriate for capturing the customer needs of your selected product, service or work.Using Kano analysis, capture at least 25 customer needs (10 WANTs, 10 MUSTs, and 5 DESIRABLEs). You must demonstrate with a template how you have identified those customer needs. In addition to the template, you must also include the actual information or data that was used to identify those 25 needs. (2-4 pages).

Translate the 25 customer needs identified in Section 2.3 into minimum 10 design requirements using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Briefly explain the key findings resulted from your QFD analysis.The QFD template can be downloaded from the subject website on UTSOnline. From your QFD analysis in Section 3.1, decide on the five highest scoring design requirements and carry out a risk analysis using the Failure-Mode-and-Effect-Analysis
(FMEA) method. Briefly explain the key findings resulted from your FEMA analysis. The FMEA template can be downloaded from the subject website on UTSOnline. Identifying the Components, Elements, Parts, etc.Identify at least 10 major components, parts or sections of your product or service that could be sourced from suppliers.

Select one of the components, parts or sections identified above and list at least 10 criteria that could be used for selection of suppliers of that component, part or section.Develop a complete supplier selection system using the previously identified 10 criteria.Write a brief summary of the outcome and the rational of the supplier selection process
you have developed and provide an explanation for your choice. (1 page).Identifying the Processes Identify at least 7 processes that could be used to produce your product or to provide.

Answer:

This paper is focused on quality planning and analysis for the design and completion of a work that is construction of a house in Perth, Australia. The project is being undertaken by a project management organization named PHC projects in collaboration with Ventura Homes. PHC projects is a national management consultancy that offers services and delivers small to large-scale projects to scope, on time and within budget while delivering outstanding business results. Ventura Homes was established in the year 1993 with a motive of designing and building the most versatile, beautiful and functional homes in Australia.

The construction of the house will be for residential purpose with two storied accommodation along with parking garage. The house will be built in the suburbs however well connected through bus or other transport facilities besides private cars. The house will be located in an environment full of greenery and free from pollution. The house will offer the owner with smooth connectivity and luxury at very affordable pricing along with maintaining high standards in terms of quality of construction and specifications.

The quality planning and analysis activities in context to the work of constructing a house has some important key functions and characteristics that are illustrated as below:

Design Management: The design of the house shall be done in a professional manner so that customer finds it to be attractive and spacious.

Scheduling: The proper time management of the activities required to complete construction of the house is an essential aspect so it has to be done in planning phase.

Materials Management: The materials being procured for construction of the house have to be managed properly during procurement as well as progress of the work.

Crew tracking: The members or workers available for the construction activities have to be managed properly by deploying them to work front and managing their active working hours.

Quality control: There should be a provision to inspect the construction site remotely that is with the help of pictures.

Contract management: Standardized communications have to be maintained and there should be updated record of all communications between client and contractor.

Document management: The documentation of every activity is essential for the success of any project. Hence, every document being prepared have to be distributed among the contractor, client and other stakeholders for reviewing, editing and recording their decisions.

2.1. Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder	Needs
Project Manager	· Pay, working conditions and Job Security. · Recognition for successful completion of project.
Civil Engineer	· Professional experience in the construction activities. · Ability to handle engineering related activities.
Site Supervisor	· Ability to manage workers and other crew for construction. · Credibility for completion of the construction activities.
Contractor	· Reputation and brand image for construction projects. · Profitability and expansion of business.
Supplier	· Increase in customer base and profit. · Comply with client requirements.
Architect	· Professional experience in the design and building activities. · Excellence reward and recognition for attractive design.
Procurement Manager	· Maintenance of high standards material for construction. · Management of materials from procurement to supplied in work front.
Electrician	· Maintaining specified electrical standards. · Professional experience in electrical installations and fittings.
Plumber	· Ensuring high standards for piping materials. · Developing a reputation in plumbing and sanitary works.
Buyer (Customer)	· Luxury, spacious and comfortable place to stay. · Affordable price with basic amenities.

Capturing the Customer Needs

In this section, the various methods for capturing the needs of customers are illustrated as below:

Research for advertising and promotion – The information in this particular context of determining the efficiency of advertising can be gathered by assessing:

The likely responses of the customers through testing in a focus group with respect to the marketing and promotional strategies (Orel and Kara 2014).
The analysis of sales data will help to determine the efficiency of the promotional techniques used in past as well as that have been planned.

Studies on the satisfaction of customers - Customer satisfaction can be determined with the help of surveying customers in context to the quality of product and service provided to customers using:

Methods that are informal, for example conducting meetings with staffs and evaluating of product or service scorecards.
The questionnaires focused on past as well as present customers (Zwikael et al. 2014).

Consumer decision process research - The motivation that drives the customers for buying a particular product or service and the process of their decision making can be evaluated using:

Surveys and questionnaires being prepared by own.
Results that have been gathered from survey through research on the market which is relevant to the industry.

Concept testing - The testing on acceptance and efficiency of marketing ideas can be done through:

The surveys to determine if the customers or potential customers find the products to be beneficial and rational to use.
Conducting individual meetings or focused gatherings with the clients to see how they react to the ideas related to marketing (Krishnan et al. 2013).

Positioning research - The perspective of clients and potential clients about items and execution contrasted with contenders can be accumulated by exploring:

The deals figures for each of the market portions.
The states of mind of clients inside each market fragment.

Brand testing - The customers feeling about the brand as well as product names can be determined by:

Using focus gatherings and studies intended to evaluate enthusiastic reactions to the item and brand names (Bansal and Taylor 2015).
Engaging marking specialists to study the brand's execution in showcase utilizing existing accessible brand research.

Price testing - It can be worked out on how clients are sensitive to value changes by utilizing equations that measure income duplicating the quantity of things being sold by the cost of everything. These tests permit figuring whether the aggregate income expanded or diminished in the wake of rolling out value improvements by:

Calculating changes in the amounts of items requested by the clients close by changes in item valuing (Jahanshani et al.2014)
Measuring the effect of item evaluating on item request.

Auditing of Customer service - The measurement of whether adequate customer service is being provided or not can be done by:

Developing client reviews or feedback forms
Conducting client boards or telephone reviews (Bienstock, Mentzer and Kahn 2015)

The summarization of two methods that can be utilized for capturing the needs of customer in this particular context of constructing a house using SWOT analysis is provided as below:

Customer Satisfaction studies

Strengths

· Data can come in the form of a narrative, observations and descriptions.

· Data that emerges are descriptive and potentially rich in details.

· Focuses on both ongoing process as well as the outcome of a product.

Weaknesses

· Fundamentally interpretive and is largely subject to personal interpretation.

· Requires a systematic approach.

Opportunities

· Theory or hypothesis are not established.

· Findings are emergent and continuously unfolding.

· It is exploratory in nature.

Threats

· Surveys are the primary instrument of data collection.

· Measures of verification are not done by measures of validity or reliability.

Price testing

Strengths

· Broad market coverage.

· Strong relationship with suppliers.

· Wide possibilities of usage.

· Easy to use.

Weaknesses

· Lack of knowledge.

· Slow in progress.

· Improper calculation of revenue.

Opportunities

· Governments support in growing local market.

· Chances to improve performance and revenue.

Threats

· Other indirect competitors entering the field to compete directly.

· Changing prices of items with respect to demand.

Customer Needs Analysis (Kano Analysis)

The method “Studies on Customer satisfaction” is the most suitable approach for capturing the needs of customers in this context of constructing a house.

The Kano model is helpful in picking up a careful comprehension on the necessities of customer's. The Kano model addresses three sorts of client necessities, for example,

Fulfilling fundamental needs: Allows an organization to get into the market.

Fulfilling execution needs: Allows an organization to support and stay focused (Tontini, Soilen and Silveira 2013).

Fulfilling excitement needs: Allows an organization to exceed expectations and build up a brand picture.

Dissatisfiers or Basic Needs: These necessities are normally implicit and are normal highlights or attributes of an item or administration.

Satisfiers or Performance Needs: These requirements are commonly talked and Standard attributes that expansion or decline fulfillment by their degree (Goetsch and Davis 2014).

Delighters or Excitement Needs: These requirements likewise are regularly implicit and are surprising highlights or attributes that admires the clients and win the organization an additional credit.

The Kano analysis has been used to capture the customer needs in context to the construction of a house and those are demonstrated as below:

Customer Needs		Process of identifying the needs	Actual information or data
Wants	Affordable price	Price testing	The price of the house must be affordable.
	Healthy Living	Customer satisfaction studies and Consumer decision process	The neighborhood or environment must be friendly to live in.
	Basic amenities	Concept testing	There must be all basic amenities available in the locality.
	Proper transportation	Positioning research	Transport facilities should be good and adequate.
	Attractive design	Customer satisfaction studies	Design of the house should be attractive.
	Luxury and spacious	Customer satisfaction studies	The space in the house should be adequate and luxurious to live in.
	Proper accommodation	Brand testing	There should be separate places designated for different purposes.
	Parking facility	Consumer decision process research	Parking garage should be available for private transportation.
	Healthy relationship with builder	Customer service audit	Builder should be friendly in nature and must respond to the queries.
	Safety and security	Positioning research	The house should be in a safe place to live in built with proper safety measures.
Musts	Previous experience of builder	Advertising and promotion research	The builder must have at least 5 years of experience in this particular field of work.
	Building approval from regulatory authorities	Concept testing	The builder must show the approval of building being received from regulatory authorities.
	Evidence of the land approval by the statutory bodies	Brand testing	The builder must show the evidence of the land approval by the statutory bodies.
	Intimate any delays on the project	Concept testing	The builder must intimate about any delays in the project.
	Conduct periodical meetings	Brand testing	The builder must conduct periodical meetings to illustrate the issues.
	Understand desires and expectations about the project	Advertising and promotion research and Customer satisfaction studies	The builder must be aware of the needs, desires and expectations from the house.
	Complete the housing project within the estimated price	Price testing	The builder must complete the housing project within the estimated price and there should not be any hidden costs.
	Complete the housing project within a stipulated time	Brand testing	The builder must complete the housing project within the determined time.
	Take safety measures to avoid accidents at site	Brand testing	The builder must be aware of the safety measures that ought to be taken at construction site.
	Maintain consistency in providing service throughout the project	Consumer decision process research	There must be provision to provide support and proper response to inquiries during the entire project.
Desirables	Should be designed by reputed architect, civil/ structural engineer	Brand testing	The designing of the house should be done by reputed architect, civil/ structural engineer so that it looks beautiful and attractive to live.
	Completion of the project as per the drawings and finalized specifications	Customer service audit	The construction must be completed according to the agreed drawings and specifications.
	Use of good quality materials in construction	Concept testing	Good quality materials should be used in construction.
	Design of house to be maintenance-free	Consumer decision process research	The house should be designed in such a manner so that it remains free of maintenance costs.
	Informed periodically on the actual progress at construction site	Customer satisfaction studies	The progress of the project should be informed on a periodic basis.

Translating Customer Needs into Design Requirements (QFD)

			Design Requirements
Customer Needs / Expectations		Importance Ratting	Electrical installations	Plumbing installations	Rooftop	HVAC system	Parking Garage	Spacious rooms	Appropriate partitioning	High quality construction materials	Safety and Security	Maintenance
Musts	Previous experience of builder	5	4	3	5	4	1	2	3	5	4	3
	Building approval from regulatory authorities	4	3	2	1	5	4	5	3	2	1	4
	Evidence of the land approval by the statutory bodies	2	3	1	5	4	3	2	4	1	5	3
	Intimate any delays on the project	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Conduct periodical meetings	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
	Understand desires and expectations about the project	5	4	3	5	4	1	2	3	5	4	3
	Complete the housing project within the estimated price	4	3	2	1	5	4	5	3	2	1	4
	Complete the housing project within a stipulated time	2	3	1	5	4	3	2	4	1	5	3
	Take safety measures to avoid accidents at site	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Maintain consistency in providing service throughout the project	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
Wants	Affordable price	2	3	1	5	4	3	2	4	1	5	3
	Healthy Living	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Basic amenities	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
	Proper transportation	5	4	3	5	4	1	2	3	5	4	3
	Attractive design	4	3	2	1	5	4	5	3	2	1	4
	Luxury and spacious	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Proper accommodation	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
	Parking facility	2	3	1	5	4	3	2	4	1	5	3
	Healthy relationship with builder	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Safety and security	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
Deliverables	Should be designed by reputed architect, civil/ structural engineer	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
	Completion of the project as per the drawings and finalized specifications	2	3	4	1	5	5	4	2	3	1	4
	Use of good quality materials in construction	5	4	3	5	4	1	2	3	5	4	3
	Design of house to be maintenance-free	4	3	2	1	5	4	5	3	2	1	4
	Informed periodically on the actual progress at construction site	3	4	2	1	5	4	1	2	3	4	2
Target Value			100	90	60	120	100	80	75	90	75	90
Absolute Score (Total)			86	62	57	117	90	67	66	71	74	78

Design Risk Analysis (FMEA)

Part or function	Potential failure	Effect on system	Root Cause of failure	Risk before Action taken			Action to reduce risk	Risk after action taken
Part or function	Potential failure	Effect on system	Root Cause of failure	P	S	R	Action to reduce risk	P	S	R
Raw materials	Poor quality	Medium	Improper evaluation or inspection	4	3	12	Proper measures to evaluate quality of raw materials	2	3	6
Contractual labourers or workers	Unavailability	High	Issues with construction crew	3	2	6	Issues and conflicts should be resolved immediately	1	2	2
Electrical fittings	Burn out of electrical equipment	High	Improper installation electrical fittings	4	4	16	Electrical layouts must be checked properly	2	3	6
Plumbing equipment	Sanitary system not working	Medium	Improper installation plumbing fittings	2	3	6	Sanitary pipelines must be installed properly and tested	1	2	2
Roofing materials	Roof not constructed properly	High	Roofing materials are of low quality	3	5	15	Quality of materials must be checked during procurement	2	4	8
Heavy equipment	Unavailability	Medium	Machinery is not available due to high demand	3	4	12	Notification must be provided prior to lending of machinery	1	2	2
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) system equipment	HVAC system not working	High	Installation of HVAC equipment have not been done properly	2	3	6	Proper layout for HVAC system have to be done.	2	1	2

Identifying the Components, Elements, Parts, etc.

The construction of the house would require the use of raw materials and many other components for developing the house (Mubarak 2015). These raw materials form the basis of the development of the project construction requirements. The components, their description and their uses for Ventura Homes are listed in the table below:

Components	Description	Use in House Construction of Ventura Homes
Construction Raw Materials like lumber, concrete, and brick	The construction raw materials include basic house construction requirements like sand, brick, concrete, and lumber. These raw materials form the basis of the construction of house and development of the components	These raw materials are ordered from suppliers of Ventura House. The raw materials would be helpful for the implication of the system integration and development (Alzahrani and Emsley 2013). The raw materials would be helpful for the forming the development of the effective and improved processes.
Asphalt Shingles for roofing	The asphalt shingles or roofing would comprise of basic roofing structure development (Walker 2015). The roofing would be formed for analysis of the effective shed for the building developed.	The asphalt roofing would be implied for the development of roof for the house and it would provide the initial development of the construction project.
Electric Lights, Fans, switches and boards	The electrical requirements are developed for the integration of the operations of electrical equipments. The fans, electric lights, switches and boards are helpful for the development of the operations.	The Ventura Homes are eco-friendly and green house development project and it would comprise of developing the energy efficient electricity supply (Xu, Ma and Ding 2014). The green building concept would require the use of the less power consumer electrical equipments
Fire Safety Alarms	The fire safety alarms are developed for the integration of the functions of assigning a sensor network for the development of the safety from the fire.	The green house building development of the Ventura Homes would comprise of the installing a fire safety alarm for the implication of the safety and improved operations.
Room Heating and Cooling System (HVAC)	The room heating and cooling system would be helpful for the development of the temperature control system for the room (Yildiz et al. 2014). The room heating and cooling system would be installed for the implication of the effective heat control system.	The green house building development of the Ventura Homes would comprise of the development of the controllable cooling and heating system for ensuring the eco-friendly functions of the operations.
Furniture and Fixtures	The furniture and fixtures include the beds, tables, chairs, sofas, and other decorative for the house.	The project of Ventura Homes would be implied for forming the development of the interiors of the houses developed for the project
Iron Pillars	Iron Pillars are the bulk of iron rods that can be used for strengthening the building floor development	The Iron pillars would be used for forming the base for the construction of the house and it would align the development of all the structures
Carpets and Flooring Tiles	The carpets and flooring are the components of the building floor refurnishing and formation	The Ventura homes would be use carpets and flooring tiles for the finalization of the floors
Bathroom Utilities	The bathroom utilities include the taps, sink, showers, commode, and other utilities.	The bathroom utilities would be developed for the completion of the bathrooms for the house development of the Ventura homes
Wires and Electricity Supply	The wires required for laying across the house would be supplied from the external suppliers	The wires would be used for the development of the supply of the electricity throughout the house developed for Ventura homes

Developing the Supplier Selection Criteria

HVAC or heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system that would be used for being used at the house development project for Ventura homes. The technology would be selected depending upon the following criteria of analysis for the supplier,

Market Reputation:The market reputation of the supplier that would supply the HVAC would be the first and the foremost quality of the selecting criteria for the supplier.
Certified System:The supplier must be certified from the state government quality assurance department for getting the HVAC system installed at the houses of Ventura Homes.
Eco-friendly and energy efficient:The HVAC system must be eco-friendly and energy efficient for the development of the operations and system integrations.
Right Estimation: The supplier must survey the house before estimating the cost of the HVAC that should be deployed and it would be the factor for analysis of the functions.
Supports Energy Efficient Equipments: The supplier must be supportive for the development of the energy efficient equipments and tools.
Provides Annual Costs: The HVAC system must provide the overview of the annual costs of the cooling and heating process.
Right Equipment Sizing: The HVAC system selection depends on the right equipment sizing and it would provide the support for the right cooling or heating across the houses developed for Ventura homes.
Quality Products:The HVAC system must be developed for understanding the right and appropriate quality products for the house development of Ventura homes.
Belongs to Professional Association:The HVAC system must belong to the professional association and it would be required for the integration of the effective and improved system development.
Works Effectively:The project of house development would be implied for working efficiently and it would be one of the criteria for the selection of the work.

Constructing and Using a Supplier Selection System

The supplier selection system for selecting the HVAC or heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system for the house development project for Ventura homes would include the following processes,

Step 1: Analysis of Market Reputation

Step 2: Checking if the supplier supplies Certified System

Step 3: Eco-friendly and energy efficient system supply

Step 4: Right Estimation of the requirements

Step 5: Whether Supports Energy Efficient Equipments

Step 6: Provides Annual Costs is provided or not

Step 7: Right Equipment Sizing is used or not

Step 8: Whether Quality Products are supplied

Step 9: Belongs to Professional Association

Step 10: Would Works Effectively

Factor of Analysis	ECOHVAC	Fredon	ARBS
Analysis of Market Reputation	Excellent market Reputation	Good Market Reputation	Good Market Reputation
Checking if the supplier supplies Certified System	Yes it supplies Certified System	Yes it supplies Certified System	Yes it supplies Certified System
Eco-friendly and energy efficient system supply	Energy Efficient and Eco-friendly system of HVAC is supplied	Energy Efficient and Eco-friendly system of HVAC is supplied (Fredon.com.au 2017)	Only Energy Efficient system is supplied
Right Estimation of the requirements	The company provides optimum solution for the operations of the system implementation	The company provides optimum solution for the operations of the system implementation	The company provides optimum solution for the operations of the system implementation (Ecohvac.com.au 2017)
Whether Supports Energy Efficient Equipments	The organization would provide the energy efficient equipments for their customer (ARBS.com.au 2017)	The organization might or might not promote energy efficient equipments to its customers	The organization would provide the energy efficient equipments for their customer
Check if Annual Costs is provided or not	Provides annual cost to the client	Does not provide annual cost to the client	Provides annual cost to the client
Right Equipment Sizing is used or not	Right Equipment Sizing is used	Right Equipment Sizing is used	Right Equipment Sizing is used
Whether Quality Products are supplied	Quality Products are supplied	All Quality Products are supplied	Quality Products are supplied
Belongs to Professional Association	Belongs to professional association	Belongs to professional association	Belongs to professional association
Would Works Effectively	Would Works Effectively	Would Works Effectively	Would Works Effectively

The developed supplier selection system is based on the criteria of the supplier selection for HVAC and it includes market reputation, certified system, eco-friendly and energy efficient, right estimation, supports energy efficient equipments, provides annual costs, right equipment sizing, provide quality products, belongs to professional association, and works effectively. The selection process would comprise of the development factor for selecting an appropriate supplier for the project. The supplier selection system is integrated with the development of the operational analysis and integration of the process modification.

The supplier selection system for selecting the HVAC or heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system for the house development project for Ventura homes, has provided the selection of the ECOHVAC. ECOHVAC has Excellent market Reputation, and it supplies Certified System for their clients. They are also prone Energy Efficient and Eco-friendly system of HVAC supply. The company provides optimum solution for the operations of the system implementation and is also provides annual cost to the client. The organization would provide the energy efficient equipments for their customer and the right equipment sizing is used for their customers. They have been providing Quality Products and belongs to professional association for working effectively.

Identifying the Processes

Following are the seven processes used to construct of a house in Perth, Australia consists of two storage accommodation includes of parking garage:

Preliminary research: It is done to examine the current house and lifestyle of people where the house is going to construct (Brown and Wetherill 2016). A design brief is developed for construction of the house. A baseline budget is done for which the entire house is constructed.

Selection of designer: This construction project requires a designer for construction of the house. The designer should fit with two categories such as architect and building designer (Darestani and Nasiri 2016). Within Australia, the architect should be regulated and legislation governed from state to state. The designer should have proper degree into architecture.

Site analysis: The project manager dose site analysis considering climate responsive design, solar access, slope, soil type, storm water drainage and access to transport.

Development and design contract: Before design and construction work started, a design contract should be signed. The designer should work with range of cost per square metre.

Concept design: A conceptual design of the house is done which help to make initial sustainability selection (Thomopoulos 2016). It consists of construction system with fundamental components for the construction.

Design development: The designer should develop the concept of the design into preliminary layout.

Final design: It consists of construction system, window type and size, external finishing, water system, design of landscape, planning of the floor with building form. It includes of interior design in addition to finishes (Parkash, Kumar and Rajoria 2013).

5.2. Constructing and Using a SPC Chart

5.2.1 Tools as well as techniques used to analyze the quality of the selected process

From 5.1, one of the processes such as site analysis is taken for the statistical process control. The tools as well as techniques used to analyze the quality of the selected process such as:

Histogram: It is used to analyze the quality of a process by showing various values into set of data. It is a graph used to show the distribution of frequency (Jiang 2015).

Cause and effect diagram: It is a tool used to identify as well as display the causes of the problems in addition to characteristics of the quality. It will illustrate the relationship among the provided outcomes and the factors those are influencing the outcomes (Fuangrod et al. 2017). Using this particular diagram, it is mainly used to identify the root causes of the problems those are faced into the site analysis of the construction work. It is used to identify the root causes of the quality problems based on different factors. The group of people can get knowledge about the process so that the work is completed on time (Jensen 2015). It indicates of possible causes of the variations into the process. It is also identified the areas from which the data are to be collected for future study.

Control chart: This particular chart is used to illustrate the stability into the process. It will behave over time. During the recorded time period, the process shows some sort of unacceptable variances, and then the process is showed as unstable. All the data of the quality characteristics are placed as per the time ordered (Bereman et al. 2014). This chart consist central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit as well as lower line for the lower control limit. By comparison of the data with the historical data, a conclusion will be drawn and based on which the graph is drawn.

5.2.2 Steps followed into SPC analysis and justifications into decisions

Statistical process control (SPC) is used to start of the planning as well as collection of the data. Statistical analysis is used to identify the incorrect data into the project (Lim, Antony and Albliwi 2014). The data analysis should be proper for collection of then data. Following are the steps those are involved into the SPC analysis such as:

Plan: It is used to identify the problem as well as its causes. The quality tools are used in this particular project as it helps to identify the problems as well as its respective causes. It is also used to prioritize the corrective actions.

Do: It is done to make changes which are designed as well as required for making improvement into the process situations (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Proper data analysis is to be done before design of the house.

Study: The study of the causes as well as effects is dependent on the process situation. Therefore, in this particular step control chart is used to show the effects as well as causes into the process over time (Thomopoulos 2016). It is also used to evaluate as well as replicate of the changes into the process. When the changes are made properly, then proper decisions are taken for successful completion of the project work on scheduled time. All the processes are stable then. At first, a preliminary study is done on the construction work, then site analysis is done for the selected location for construction of house in Perth, Australia.

Act: When the result of the analysis is successful, then the changes as well as work are to be improved so that all the identified problems into the project are solved within time. When the outcome of the project work is not successes, then steps are to be considered such as observation of the problems, problem analysis, prioritization and proper control charting. Before use of the statistical analysis tools as well as techniques, all the data are to be collected in addition to analysed properly (Bereman et al. 2014). Quality of a project work is mostly required to proper completion of a project. As it is a construction based project, therefore all the problems should be analyzed properly such as the site, labour, materials used and machines used for the construction.

5.2.3 Results of the SPC analysis with use of proper tools and techniques

Histogram: Before drawing of the histogram, it is assumed that the process is operating accurately during the scheduled time period.

Activities	Percentage of completion (In %)
Climate responsive design	45
Solar access	21
Soil type	30
Storm water drainage	22
Access to transport	37

From the histogram of the site analysis, it is analyzed that there are five activities which are done into the site analysis includes of climate responsive design, solar access, slope, soil type, storm water drainage and access to transport. The X-axis shows the activities which are taken place into site analysis while Y-axis shows the percentage of completion of each of the site analysis identified activities. Completion percentage states the quality of the project work. The histogram graph shows that climate responsive design completes 45% of the work, solar access work by 21%, soil type analysis by 30%, storm water drainage by 22% and access to transport by 37%. Therefore, it is seen that climate responsive design completes most of the work as compared to other activities.

Cause and effect diagram: Using this particular diagram, it is mainly used to identify the root causes of the problems those are faced into the site analysis of the construction work. Following the cause and effect diagram of the site analysis process within the construction work of the house:

From the above diagram, it is analyzed that environment, materials, analysis procedures, design factors, manpower and machine are the problem factors of the main problem related to site analysis. Each of the factors consists of sub-causes of the sub-factor of the main problems. After identification of the causes, the project manager can take of proper decision regarding the causes so that all the problems are to be mitigated on time. Cause and effect diagram is a graphical tool that can used to identify and display of the possible causes of the problems.

From the above graph, it is analyzed that on time, the house construction work is progressed time by time. There is average such as the control line is 10, therefore the quality characteristics which are above the control line is upper control limit and those are below the control line is lower control limit. A control chart is used to find and correct of the problems that are occurred. At the time of prediction of the expected rages of the outcomes from the selected process, site analysis of the house construction. The control chart shows whether the process is stable that is if it is into statistical control or not. This quality improvement project aims to determine the problems that are making fundamental changes into the process. Therefore, this chart is appropriate for controlling of the process data for site analysis.

Identifying Problems and Using Problem-Solving Tools

The five problems for the house development project for Ventura homes are Lack of Materials, Unfavorable Climate, Labor Unrest, Issues in Equipment’s, and Legal Issues (Ashuri and Tavakolan 2013). These issues have been explained below:

Lack of Materials: The lack of materials is a primary problem for the construction of the house development project for Ventura homes. The lack of materials is a major issue that had resulted in forming the issues of the development model (Mungle et al. 2013). The lack of materials is a result of the shortage of the resources for the project and it would tend to employ the major issues in the development of the project. The shortage of the resources would result in forming the delay and excess exhaustion of the monetary value of the project.

Unfavorable Climate: The unfavorable climate is a major factor that has impacted the construction activities. The construction project is dependent on the climatic conditions at the construction site. The unfavorable climate would result in forming the issues of operational development.

Labor Unrest: The labor unrest is a major problem for the construction project and it would tend to the issues in main constructing activities. The labor unrest would tend to form the issues in development of the operational problems.

Issues in Equipments: The issue in equipment handling is due to the lack of the effective management of the operations. The equipments handling would require skilled workers and engineer staffs for ease of handling of the equipments.

Legal Issues: The construction project would tend to form the requirement of the legal documentation and development of the effective integration methods (Olawale and Sun 2015). The legal issues are not aligned with the development of the construction project would tend to form the final issue in operation and development.

Constructing and Using Problem-Solving Tools

From the identified problems in 6.1, issues into equipments are selected. At first, it is required to identify the causes of the problems so that it should be mitigated on time. The main purpose of this particular study is to investigate of the factors behind the lack of equipment issues into the construction industry (Carnmarata, McArthur and Steeb 2014). Into the construction work of the house, tools in addition to equipments are used. Extensive uses of the major equipments are rare into the project. There are issues regarding breakdown of the equipments at the time when it is used, and it may occur due to lack of lack of planned maintenance (Schoenfeld 2014). Most of the equipments used for the construction work are over 20-25 years of manufacturing. Proper planning, maintenance, installation and replacement of the equipments are some of the steps to reduce this identified problem. Two of the problem solving tool is used to overcome with the problem, issues regarding equipments. The two tools are:

Brainstorming: It is one of the problems solving tool which is used for development of creative solutions to the identified problems. It will help the team members to play a role into solving of the problem (McMahon and Miller 2013). A brainstorming session is to be organized for taking decision from the project team members regarding the problem. At first, one of the team members can identify the problem and mitigate it. The team member then searches for the causes and effects of the problem on the project. Analyzing the issues into equipments for house construction, it is seen that the house is built based on equipments such as bull dozer, mixer grinder, crane and others (Frensch and Funke 2014). Therefore, when there is lack of maintenance and operation of those equipments, it causes delay into entire project plan and results in behind the schedule. Into the brainstorming session, all team members can able to provide their respective suggestions on the problem.

Root cause analysis: It is one of the problems solving method through which it addresses the problems so as to get for the causes of the identified problem. It is a significant requirement to analyze the cause of the problems so that respective solution is required to mitigate the problem on time (Bardach and Patashnik 2015). The application related to the root because analysis are resolution of the problems, disposition of the materials with use of material review process and finally use of proper action plan. It is considered as fundamental breakdown of the failure for the process that are resolved and prevented from the problems (Proctor 2014). It is considered as a systematic approach that is used to get of the true in addition to proper causes of the process problems.

The root cause of identified problem is done using the factors such as environment, materials, analysis procedures, design factors, manpower and machine. When the factors are identified, then all the causes are also recognized (Carnmarata, McArthur and Steeb 2014). It will provide the causes of the problems and illustrates the relationship among the provided outcomes and the factors those are influencing the results of the project. It will identify the root causes of the problems those are faced into the construction work. Therefore, this is also used for solving of the problems.

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