301003 Sustainable Systems - Energy Assessment Answers
Answer
Sustainable System: Energy Efficiency in Homes
Problem Statement
House Appliance and Energy Usage
Preferably, the percentage often contributed by the household appliance in line with the energy consumption mainly estimated at 33% in NSW, New South Wales Australia. Furthermore, the overall greenhouse gas emitted usually results from the average household energy consumption and this is established at 45%. In essence, the percentage regularly contributed by both the equipment and the appliance consumptions and their respective energy outputs products such as carbon IV oxide gases. There is a variation in the overall projected energy consumption per average home, and the difference often cut across from one state to another. Also, the change tends to deviate from one house to the other basis on the fact that different homes have different rates of energy consumption in the long run. The waste of the energy in line with each appliance is an essential aspect which one needs to consider at all costs. Thus, the figure below shows the energy consumption and utilization in front of the home and the overall household’s applications in Australia State.
Some of the appliance used in the various homes in the areas as well as the overall percentage of energy utilized mainly illustrated and summarized as indicated in the table below
Furthermore, there is the standard utilization of the energy consumptions in the households in line with the overall kilowatts, and this is illustrated as indicated in the pie chart below.
Figure Showing the Energy Application in line with the Household Appliances (Tam, Le, Tran and Wang 2018 p.4220).
From the analysis above, it is evident that clothes dryers consumed the enormous amount of energy; they are the second regarding ranking by the clothes washer, refrigerator and finally dishwashers respectively.
Sources of Energy
There are various sources of the energy which one must appraise and evaluate as far as the energy efficiency and the overall costs and the impacts on the environment is concerned. Some of the energy sources which one needs to consider and they are classified as either renewable or non-renewable sources. These sources mainly discussed as follows
Non-Renewable Energy Sources
In most modern and developed countries such as the United States of America, the paramount energy utilized in the state often derived from the non-renewable energy sources. Besides, non-renewable energy sources comprise of natural gas, coal, as well as the crude oil.
Furthermore, the petroleum derived from the crude oil, uranium as well as the natural gas liquid also classified as the parametric non-renewable energy resources. Most of the energy sources classified in this category tend to take time before the actualized concerning the formation as well as their overall supplies often regarded as limited in the long run. Furthermore, it is preferable to note that natural gas, crude oil as well as coal mainly formed from the decisive remains of the overall buried plants. These plants tend to be buried over a long period often denoted as million years (Ren, Grozev and Higgins 2016 p.319).
Renewable Energy Sources
On the other hand, renewable energy sources mainly include the geothermal energy, biomass, solar energy, hydropower as well as the overall wind energy. This energy sources primarily referred to as the renewable since they have the ability to replenish over a short period naturally. Thus, the table below illustrated and summarized the various sources of energy as well as their respective uses as far as the consumption rate is concerned.
Figure showing the Energy sources and the consumption Rate in NSW New South Wales Australia (Biswas 2014 p.180).
Environmental Impacts of Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Australia in Kwh
According to Conti et al. (2016), the correlation between the energy applied in the Australia state and the level of the carbon dioxide emitted is not only an essential aspect for appraisal but also important elements which must be incorporated in the energy efficiency analysis. In essence, the country mainly faced with the challenges on how to tackle the high level of carbon dioxide often emitted into the atmosphere from the various energy sources in the country. Subsequently, there three key energy sectors which contribute to the increased levels of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere in the country. The three core and vital sources include fuels which contribute to the fugitive emissions, transport as well as the stationary energy.
The three core sectors have continued to recorded significant impacts as well as dominate the overall GHG emissions impacts in the country. Thus, they account for the global 74% net emissions reported in the state so far. Additionally, the land use as well as the forestry and land-use change. The analysis mainly summarized as indicated in the pie figure below (Hua et al. 2016 p.1048).
Figure Showing the Various Energy Sources and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions Associated in NSW, New South Wales Australia (Alobaidi, Chebana and Meguid 2018 p.998).
From the pie chart above, it is evidential that stationary energy leads in line with the overall carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. The level mainly contributed to the increased fuel's energy burned in the combustion process to process the fuel energy. Some of the key contributors in this category include crude oil and coal.
Furthermore, the levels of the emissions recorded in the country as far as the analysis in line with 2009 are concerned mainly indicated as shown in the diagram below
Figure Showing the GHG Emissions In Comparison With the Energy Source
What organizations (regulatory and voluntary ) in Australia promotes energy efficiency in general and in which way for products you use in the chosen place?
The organizations which are charged with the mandate of ensuring that their energy efficiency and effective utilization mainly include (Azad, Khan, Ahasan and Ahmed 2014 p.19).
- International Partnership on Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC)
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Expert Group on Energy Efficiency and Conservation
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Identify the opportunities to decrease energy consumption including but not limited to replacement of devices, timer switches, manual switching, programmed switches, off-peak power usage a, alternative fuel and select two options for improvement
The two key opportunities which one adopts in decreasing the energy consumption in NSW, New South Wales Australia comprises of the following
Alternative fuel
The use of the alternative fuel such as the include biodiesel, bio-alcohol, chemically stored electricity, methanol, refuse-derived, non-fossil natural gas, hydrogen, non-fossil methane, propane, vegetable oil as well as other biomass sources tends to lower the energy consumption more so for the fuels. This also helps in reducing the levels of the carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere (Bhattacharya, Paramati, Ozturk and Bhattacharya 2016 p.737).
Replacement of Devices
This approach also helps in reducing energy utilization on a daily basis. This is because; most devices tend to consume a lot of heat as they wear out and wear off due to the usage for the decades. Thus, the approach lowers the overall energy consumption to larger extends in the long run (Bilgili, Koçak, and Bulut 2016 p.839).
Perform the cost-benefit analysis (simple payback period calculations is sufficient0 for three improvement options?
The cost-benefit mainly illustrated as follows
The benefits of buying and replacing the existing devices including vehicles mostly given by
The pollutant reduction for the overall energy option adopted mainly given by
The overall total benefit is also essential, and this is computed as
Conclusion
In summary, this paper evaluated the importance and the advantages of employing effective and efficient energy in the system. The study was based on the NSW New South Wales Australia and it evaluated the application efficient application of energy on domestic appliances.
References
Alobaidi, M.H., Chebana, F. and Meguid, M.A., 2018. Robust ensemble learning framework for day-ahead forecasting of household-based energy consumption. Applied Energy, 212, pp.997-1012.
Azad, A.K., Khan, M.M.K., Ahasan, T. and Ahmed, S.F., 2014. Energy scenario: production, consumption and prospect of renewable energy in Australia. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2(04), p.19.
Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2016. The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, pp.733-741.
Bilgili, F., Koçak, E. and Bulut, Ü., 2016. The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, pp.838-845.
Biswas, W.K., 2014. Carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption assessment of building construction works in Western Australia. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3(2), pp.179-186.
Conti, J., Holtberg, P., Diefenderfer, J., LaRose, A., Turnure, J.T. and Westfall, L., 2016. International energy outlook 2016 with projections to 2040 (No. DOE/EIA-0484 (2016)). USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Energy Analysis.
Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.J., 2016. Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status. Renewable Energy, 85, pp.1044-1051.
Ren, Z., Grozev, G. and Higgins, A., 2016. Modeling impact of PV battery systems on energy consumption and bill savings of Australian houses under alternative tariff structures. Renewable Energy, 89, pp.317-330.
Tam, W.V., Le, K.N., Tran, C.N.N. and Wang, J.Y., 2018. A review on contemporary computational programs for Building's life-cycle energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions assessment: An empirical study in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, pp.4220-4230.
Wakeel, M., Chen, B., Hayat, T., Alsaedi, A. and Ahmad, B., 2016. Energy consumption for water use cycles in different countries: A review. Applied Energy, 178, pp.868-885.
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