11101 | Stakeholder | A Assessment Answers
Conduct an indepth literature review of stakeholder engagenaent within the engineering and asset managanent sector as well as the literature pertainng to the actual parallel runway nbich was constructed in the late 1980s early 1990s, and other runway construction projects elsewhere in the world (es: Brisbane's current parallel runway project). This literature on actual runway projects will inform you of the expected reactions to the Sydney project if it was being proposed Miry. In other words, what have we learned as a result of the actual runway's construction, and 25 years of operation that we would apply to a Stakeholder Engagement Plan for the project as if it was lacing proposed TODAY.
Answer:
Introduction
Sydney Airport parallel runway is one of the most prominent projects established by the Australian Government. Notably, different classes of stakeholders are conglomerated to form a solid backbone to the project. The different stakeholders play diverse roles in the organization. In fashion with this, the Sydney Airport community forum (SACF) is a major stakeholder of the runway. The top executives here are elected by the Federal Minister for regional development and Infrastructure. Naturally, airports serve to balance the transport and Tourism factors hence draw a lot of revenue to the state. The government among other stakeholders, therefore, finds it significant to bridge the Sydney's Airport system for substantial results. In regard to this, the SACF pieces of advice the Sydney Airport, aviation authorities alongside the ministry on ways to curb environmental issues and the methods used to evade noises yielded by the aircraft.
Notably, the runway involves the mechanization facilities as well as asset management hence the concerned stakeholders ensures proper maintenance and working of the planes (Noble 2016). Additionally, they give insights to the authorities at the aviation firms to conduct a proper communication channel to the surrounding community concerning the operations at the airport. Notably, there are airports that connect with the Sydney airport and also are emulated by the firm to correct of the prejudices developed at developmental phase. In regard to this, the Sydney runway is capable to outline its future predictions concerning the firm through the way it conducts its processes now. The paper, therefore, focuses to critically analyze the stakeholders' engagement in engineering and asset management at the Sydney airport while outlining the construction of other well-known Airports.
Literature review
Analysis of Stakeholders Engagement
The different stakeholders in a hierarchical fashion play a significant role in the engagement prior to and after the laying out of the Sydney Airport parallel runway. The stakeholders are therefore categorically placed into three groups following a criterion set by the company; which consisted of the Regulatory authorities, Economic authorities and the Community and users. In regard to this, the different stakeholders focus to deal with the concerns raised by the firm, identifies ways to deal with the issues and outline the possible results yielded from dealing with the problem as outlined by Trischler & Lohman (2018).
Firstly, the regulatory authorities top the least among the stakeholder engagement in the Sydney Airport firm. The concerns such as the careless spending of money during the day to day activities without the guarantee of funding become phenomenal in the firm's case. Committing the resources meant to expand the aviation authorities to other businesses however important raises an alarm to the regulatory authorities. Additionally, any kind of needs could crop up and faster attention is required from the regulatory authorities. The top management regulatory authorities, therefore, work hand in hand with the government to lobby through the professionals in the different organizations of the country. Additionally, the subject authorities ensure the security of funding and facilitate proper use of the funds within the stipulated period of time. The pieces of machinery at the Airport need proper maintenance to ensure the security of the passengers and also workers. Moreover, the regulatory authorities serve to draft plans on the requirements of law alongside keeping track of the timelines at the airport. Notably, the Sydney airport has a properly channeled law enforcement and everything happens within the law orders as reported by Jardim et al (2015).
Secondly, the economic entities serve to address the concerns such as lack of freight operations connections between the airport services as explained by Gatta & Marcucci (2016). Additionally, the stakeholders canopied in the economic entities deal with the long time constantly low growth evident beyond the first stage at the Airport. Sometimes the pax predictions come lower than the purported initial revenue; this raises concerns to the entities. The subject stakeholders, therefore, substantiate a conducive environment that offers the Sydney airport services a competitive advantage than the other airports. This needlessly strengthens the freight connections and eases the tasks on board. Additionally, the economic entities perform the vigorous campaigns to target on the investment techniques and in this case contributing to the expansive growth of the airport. Naturally, the increased population figures would mean increased revenue coupled with the collaborative work done by the individuals. In regard to this, the economic entities serve to come up with a documented facility that is presented by the media to sketch out the potentiality of revenue given out by the individual citizens. The ideal outcomes given by the economic entities would include allowing investment in the airport since it is stipulated to produce viable and reasonable returns.
Thirdly, the community and users fall under the last category in the hierarchy of the stakeholder's engagement at the Sydney airport parallel runway. According to Freestone & Baker (2018),the major concerns addressed by the community or users include; the impacts of the air and noise pollution to the environment, the major groups affected by such are humans and the fauna found in the surrounding areas. Additionally, the traffic congestion becomes a concern that needs to be raised by the communities or the users around the airport premises. In fashion with this, crowdedness at the public transport systems raises eyebrows to the community to foster the implementation of the faster and less congested means of transport in Australia. Of significance is the construction of the runway and in cases of disruption that occurs in the process, the community is called upon to act.
The community is therefore put to task to select a group of people to investigate on the requirements needed to enhance the community value concerning the ongoing project in their neighborhood. Additionally, the task force is responsible to provide answers to the concerns of the aviation authorities. The airport users also hold the media campaigns locally to keep the public informed on the progress of the runway construction. The users serve a purposeful role in relaying the information at the most visited locations such as the transport hubs and the shopping centers. The community, therefore, provides community, therefore, provides enough support to the airport users and the government alongside protecting the common people's interests in investing in developments at the airport. The stepwise consideration of different ranks of personnel, therefore, facilitates an easy analysis of the Airport condition according to Jardim et al(2015).
Sydney parallel runway
Sydney airport being so close to the city, and the rapid globalization was already in place, this gave more practicality to the construction of its runway at the Botany Bay at the reclaimed land as cited by Harrington (2014). Notably, this protocol was already embraced in the 1960s and 1970s when the north-south runway was extended as indicated by Yang, Zhang & Fu (2015).In regard to this, the most preferred location was to be the west and east of the already present runway. Therefore, the factors that were put into consideration was the cost of construction, the physical impact of the runway to its environs and the operational requirements. According to Srisaeng et al (2015) ,the runway was constructed in a marine environment, therefore, emulated the use of two methods; stone and manufactured units that consisted of a sloping and a vertical perimeter of bulk filing and a structural steel framework that supported a concretedeck.
The onset of runway construction was preceded by drafting of Environmental Impact Statement in the year 1990. Impressively, the runway construction won the public's debate and interest due to the greater number of submissions received. Additionally, a supplement draft was forwarded to the government for the approval of the implementation and Environmental management plan from the effects arising from the parallel runway operation (Heinelt 2018). However, an approximate of AUS$210 million was awarded by the government to the Dredeco Pty Ltd, Baulderstone Hornibrook Engineering Pty Ltd, and N.V. Baggerwerken Decloedt, Dredging International N.V. & Zoon for the design and construction of the new parallel runway as per the similar studies stated by Ramanujam & Balakrishnan(2015). Myburgh (2018) indicates that the whole plan used 170 hectares of land that was reclaimed by using sand fills from the Botany Bay that was pumped to the construction site through a floating pipeline.
Alternatively, water, road, and railway became options for the filling of sites during the construction of the parallel runway according to Black, Roso, Maruši? & Brnjac (2018). Transport by rail was possible due to the proximity of the New South Wales State Rail Authority to the runway construction site. However, the single branch line that already existed needed upgrading to be able to comfortably handle the large quantities of sand. Additionally, use of water transport needed unloading facilities that were temporary and that could be easily destroyed after the construction as claimed by Janic (2017) .The use of ship-loaders proved to be more tedious than any other method that would substantiate the refilling process. According to Josimovic, Krunic & Nenkovic (2016).The Environmental Impact Statement draft gave a rough estimation that road gave the fastest support to accumulate resources important for success throughway of construction of the airport runway in Sydney .The Sydney Airport runway construction was in tandem with the policies put forward by the Australian government in regard to the Environmental management (Josimovic, Krunic & Nenkovic 2016). Notably, the water was an important resource at the Botany Bay which propelled the runway construction to be strictly in accordance with water protection. The reports based on studies done at the proposed site gave the consideration to the fauna diversity, the sea grasses protection alongside the quality of the waters at the Bay. Extensive research was however done on the physical properties of the sampled water at the Botany sites.
Brisbane International Airport
Brisbane International Airport construction consequently played a significant role in the Australian government Aviation departments. This is the third busiest Airport in Australia and an eight-year project that costed an approximate of $1.3 billion. Additionally, the Brisbane Airport is in a stiff competition with the southern Melbourne and Sydney gateway counterparts in accordance with the reports by Ramanujam &Balakrishnan (2015). The visionary State sees the Brisbane Airport in 2022 to be exceptionally steering to greater heights of success and would gain recognition to the world. Brisbane is radically growing with an extended 29 international and national destinations with the handling of freight, and 32 airlines in the state. The two terminals are however anchored by the services yielded by the traffic foundations put in place across all airlines connections as cited in Fotiadis (2015).
In fashion with this, the Brisbane runway construction is characterized by sand shifting phenomenon. Majorly, the passengers evidently feel the impact, especially those sitting next to the window as the plane is landing. The infrastructure at the terminus is characterized by the large masses of sands accumulated together to form a heap that obstructs the location of the runway as indicated by Myburgh (2018). Such kind of the nature of the land reduced the efficiency during the construction of the project and has posted huge technicalities (Robins, Hall & Stock 2015). In regard to this, a lot of money and energy was used to construct a now highly substantial project at the Australian government. It has so far taken about 5 years to bring facilitate the preamble of the construction of the runway proper. Otherwise, the construction of the underpass beneath the taxiways meant for delivery vehicles is an allied project. The structure will be built with key motives to lift an aircraft with the weight of about 710 tons as explained by Jangri (2018).
The project, however, takes shape with the help of the experienced pilot with background information knowledge of ports and harbors engineering as per the reports given by Black, Roso, Maruši? & Brnjac (2018). The engineers have therefore played a significant role in shaping the Brisbane airport runway construction that is underway. Notably, the dredgers called Charles Darwin were used to pump sand from part of the Moreton Bay on to the runway site (Robins, Hall & Stock 2015) This way, the existing habitat for the flora and fauna in the environment were highly protected. As the years gradually increase, the project gave a positive developmental insight into progression. The proposal reports have it that by November 2018, the new runway will have enough visual cues to give a significance to the project's milestone. This will, however, be a step ahead for the Australian government among the visionary elements even though the effects of human settlement is disturbed by noise pollution according to Eves & Blake(2016).
Moreover, the human elements never go unrecognized on the basis of Brisbane's project facilitation according to Brisbane Airport Corporation statistics. More than 20,000 people come out to participate in offering human labor to the activities during the construction of the runway. Additionally, the industry has opened up many other firms such as hotels, freight handling and 24-hour Brisbane supermarket that benefit both the people and the government as explained by Wagen & Goonetilleke (2015). The major advances in Brisbane alongside the Airport construction are the expansion of the Tourism sector and the improved infrastructure.
The future prospects of Sydney Airport parallel runway
The Australian airport looks into finding ways of combating the noise impacts that emanate from the planes and also activities that are done at the airport. Noise pollution has form part of a destroying factor to the ecosystem. This would improve the efficiency of the personnel at the airport alongside protecting their health.
Additionally, the airport has the future objectives to protect the flora and fauna that survive within its surroundings. Naturally, it is important to protect life alongside digging deep into investing more to earn in business. This way the environmental baseline collection is canopied and is seen to have a better future (Josimovic, Krunic & Nenkovic 2016).
Transport will be seen to improve by far at the Sydney due to the collaborative effects yielded upon by the different forms of transport in the country. Business facilitation will, however, be easier in the years to come provided that the Sydney runway takes its course. In regard to this, crowdedness and delays will be reduced significantly in the country.
Forecasts on the community concerns will herein improve since the community forms a basis for stakeholder engagement in the management sector at the airport. The concerns will, therefore, be wholly tackled without discrimination as the task force will be put in place to facilitate the process. The community forms a face to the development of the Sydney airport parallel runway, therefore, the latter is selflessly reliant on the community. The contributions put in by the community will, therefore, be substantial at the aviation network fora as cited by Reckien et al (2017).
Conclusion
Drawn from part of the discussion I would conclude that the construction of the Sydney Airport parallel runway construction plays a significant role towards the expansion of economic boundaries at the Australian government. Additionally, the construction would need more land from the local community hence would lead to migration of the locals hence declined productivity. Naturally, the speedy construction of the runway is substantial to reduce costs at Sydney airport and its environs and this creates more room for investment by the locals. Notably, the conclusion would best focus on the environmental sustainability protocol as far as the Airport services are enjoyed. In a broad perspective, the airport presence in Australia serves to welcome more visitors as tourists to the country, therefore, earning the country foreign exchange. Additionally, the well developed and extended infrastructure would create more happy faces in Australia. In respect to this, the engagement of all the stakeholders is vital for the success of any firm.
References
Black, J., Roso, V., Maruši?, E. & Brnjac, N., (2018) Issues in Dry Port Location and Implementation in Metropolitan Areas: The Case of Sydney, Australia. Transactions on maritime science, vol.7, no.01, pp.41-50.
Eves, C. & Blake, A., (2016) The impact of aircraft noise and complaints on Brisbane residential property performance.
Fotiadis, T., (2015) Airport Terminals–A Study Approach On Passengers Flow Improvement Of Macedonia International Airport Of Thessaloniki.
Freestone, R. & Baker, D., (2018) Negotiating the Problem of Airport Noise: Comparative Lessons from the Australian Experience. The Political Quarterly.
Gatta, V. & Marcucci, E., (2016) Stakeholder-specific data acquisition and urban freight policy evaluation: evidence, implications and new suggestions. Transport Reviews, 36(5), pp.585-609.
Harrington, A., (2014) Understanding the second Sydney airport debate: the consequences for limited airport capacity of a government policy lacuna. J. Air L. & Com., 79, p.35.
Heinelt, H., (2018) European Union Environment Policy and New Forms of Governance: A Study of the Implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Eco-management and Audit Scheme Regulation in the Three Member States: A Study of the Implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Eco-management and Audit Scheme Regulation in the Three Member States. Routledge.
Janic, M., (2017) Transport Systems: Modelling, Planning, and Evaluation. CRC Press.
Jardim, J., Baltazar, M.E., Silva, J. & Vaz, M., (2015) Airports' Operational Performance and Efficiency Evaluation Based on Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Tools. Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, 3(4), pp.296-310.
Josimovic, B., Kruni?, N. & Nenkovi?-Rizni?, M., (2016) The impact of airport noise as part of a Strategic Environmental Assessment, case study: The Tivat (Montenegro) Airport expansion plan. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 49, pp.271-279.
Myburgh, K.S., (2018) The minimum site investigation requirements needed to define site conditions considering the results of ground investigations and its true reflection of actual site conditions found during construction .Close Port Botany to rescue Sydney. Supply Chain Solutions, vo.44, no.3, p.70.
Noble, G., (2016) Rising prices, rising responsibility. Superfunds Magazine,(416), p.22
Ramanujam, V. & Balakrishnan, H., (2015) Data-driven modeling of the airport configuration selection process. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 45(4), pp.490-499.
Reckien, D., Creutzig, F., Fernandez, B., Lwasa, S., Tovar-Restrepo, M., Mcevoy, D. and Satterthwaite, D., (2017) Climate change, equity and the Sustainable Development Goals: an urban perspective. Environment and urbanization, 29(1), pp.159-182.
Robins, R., Hall, J., & Stock, E., (2015) Geoarchaeology and the archaeological record in the coastal Moreton Region, Queensland, Australia. Quaternary International, 385, pp.191-205.
Srisaeng, P., Baxter, G., Richardson, S. & Wild, G., (2015) A forecasting tool for predicting Australia's domestic airline passenger demand using a genetic algorithm. Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, vol.7, no.4, pp.476-489.
Tangri, K., (2018) Planning and delivering Brisbane Airport's new runway. Journal of Airport Management, 12(2), pp.169-185.
Trischler, J. & Lohmann, G., (2018) Monitoring quality of service at Australian airports: A critical analysis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, pp.63-71.
Van der Wagen, L., & Goonetilleke, A., (2015) Hospitality Management, Strategy, and Operations. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Yang, H., Zhang, A. & Fu, X., (2015) Determinants of the airport–airline vertical arrangements: analytical results and empirical evidence. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, vol.49, no.3, pp.438-453.
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