XICT01 Information and Communication Technology : Levels of Education

In this assignment we have analysed the data on migrant labourers. Migrant labourers form a large part of the labour force. The labour force has different levels of education. They work in different businesses. There is also a difference in businesses organization. According to research done by Näre (2015) there is a significant relationship between gender and migrant workers. Similarly, according to research done by Farris (2015) it is seen that female migrant labourers are mostly employed in the reproduction sector. We in the present assignment study the relation between migrant labourers and gender.

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics are used to describe a data.

The above analysis shows that the number of male workers (61) is higher than the number of female (workers). In addition, the average wage of male workers (£11183.98) is higher than females (£8411.54). However, the average number of months females are working (10.05) is more than males (9.72).

The number of indigenous worker is 40 as compared to the 62 number of migrant workers. In addition, the number ofworkers involved in Picking Fruits and Vegetables (67) is higher than the number of workers involved in Greenhouses (35).

The number of workers who have a school education is 56, while those having university education is 46. Most of the workers are working in organic business houses (60). 42 workers are working in business having conventional businesses.

The number of workers having school education and picking field fruits and vegetables (37) is more than those having university education (30). Similarly the number of workers having school education and picking in Greenhouses (19) is higher than those having university education (16).

The average and median wages of the workers is £10069.6 and £9178.5 respectively. The average number of months the workers are working on the farm is 9.85 months. Most of the workers are working for 18 months. Half of the workers are working for 10 months.

Inferential Statistics

In order to construe specific properties about the data, inferential statistics are used. Hypothesis is used to predict a relationship between variables. Inferential statistical methods are used to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis used are:

Hypothesis 1 : There is no difference in total wages of Males and Female migrant workers

Hypothesis 2 : There is no difference in total wages of Migrant and indigenous workers

Hypothesis 3 : There is no association between gender and migrant status of a worker.

In order to test the first hypothesis:

Null hypothesis H0: There is no difference in average wages of males and female migrant workers

Alternate hypothesis H1: There are differences in average wages of male and female migrant workers

To test hypothesis 1 the independent sample t-test is used.

Critical Value : The critical value for the two-tailed test, df = 98, at a = 0.05 is -1.984, 1.984.

Thus, if t-stat is more than the critical values the null hypothesis is rejected.  

From the above table it is seen that the t-stat = -2.314. Since, the t-stat is more than the t-critical value hence the Null hypothesis is rejected. Thus, it can be said that there are statistically significant differences in wages of Males and Females.

Hence, from the data it is seen that the average wage of Males (£11172.73) is significantly higher than of females (£8411.54).

In order to test hypothesis 2 the independent sample t-test is used.

Critical Value : The critical value for the two-tailed test, df = 67, at a = 0.05 is -1.996, 1.996.

Thus, if t-stat is more than the critical values the null hypothesis is rejected.  

From the above table it is seen that the t-stat = -0.216. Since, the t-stat is less than the t-critical value hence the Null hypothesis is not rejected. Hence, the average wage of Indigenous worker (£10339.3) is equivalent to the average wage of migrant worker (£10678.45).

To test hypothesis 3 Chi-square test for association is used.

Null hypothesis H0: There is no association between Gender and Migrant workers in numbers

Alternate hypothesis H1: There is an association between Gender and Migrant workers in numbers

From the analysis it is seen that the Chi-square (c² = 9.45) is more than the Chi-square crit (c² = 3.84). Hence the Null hypothesis is rejected.

Thus, it seen that there is an association between Gender and Migrant workers. Hence, from the data it is seen that the highest number of workers are males and they are migrant workers (42). The least number of workers are indigenous workers (19).

Conclusion

The analysis of the data shows that the number of male workers is more than the number of females. Moreover, the average wage of males is more than the number of females. In addition, the number of migrant workers is more than the number of indigenous workers. Further, the number of workers involved in picking field fruits and vegetables is higher than the number of workers involved in picking activity in Greenhouses. Further, it is seen that the number of workers involved in conventional business is more than the number of workers involved in organic businesses.

It is also found that there is a statistical significant difference in the wages of males and females. However, there is statistically no significant difference in the wages of migrants and indigenous workers. Moreover, it is found that there is a statistically significant association between gender and type of worker. Thus, the number of male migrant workers is the highest and male indigenous worker is the least.  

References 

Farris, S.R., 2015. Migrants' regular army of labour: gender dimensions of the impact of the global economic crisis on migrant labor in Western Europe. The Sociological Review, 63(1), pp.121-143.

Näre, L., 2013. Migrancy, gender and social class in domestic labour and social care in Italy: An intersectional analysis of demand. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(4), pp.601-623.