Experimental method

Fundamentally, in the experimental research method, psychologists employ the human participants as well as animal subjects for studying varied psychological topics like sensation, perception, cognition, memory, motivation, emotion, social psychology, neural substrates and developmental processes. The distinct process is used for evaluating cause-effect relationship and cause-effect related question answers.

In the experiment style, psychologists generally study the effects of a particular variable on the others through manipulating as well as controlling one particular variable. In time of employing the method in research, two individual groups are for, N., 2015). Psychologists use this procedure through the techniques of elimination, making conditions constant, matching, counter balancing and random assignment for preventing the unwanted effects of relevant variable. However, in experimental method, most of the time, the experiments find less control over the extraneous variable, which may turn the result partial.

Correlation design

Correlation design is applied in order to measure the extent to which the two variables are interconnected. Therefore, it can be said that the correlation study is helpful in measuring proper relationship between two variables. In this context, it can be said that the correlational design complements the experimental psychological design as per the reason that both of the methods study the relationship between two variables (Mertens 2014). In correlational design, coreelation between two variables is examined to be identified as either positive or negative. The correlation design is used in psychological research studies to make predictions, to identify correlation between a completely new measure and an established measure, to help in making test-retest reliability, Inter-rater reliability and theory verification. However, correlational design could not help in making a conclusive statement justifying the relationship between two variables.

Case study

In psychological research, the case study method is applied in order to acquire detailed information regarding an individual or an aspect for developing general principles about particular behaviors. The case study method is helpful particularly in studying rare disorders as case study method make in-depth study regarding a subject (Ormston et al. 2014). Unlike quantitative psychological research, in time pursuing the case study method, there is no need of sampling though application of case study does not help a researcher in making proper classification. Moreover, due to limited representatives, subjective method and no fixed limits of investigation, the chances of making errors are high.

Survey methods

Survey method as a quantitative psychological research process helps in understanding behaviors or perceptions of a large number of people. However, the survey methods does not help in acquiring an in-depth understanding about an aspect or a particular concept like the case study method. It is because the survey method always requires a representative sample that can reflect all the major characteristics of a population.

Naturalistic observation

In naturalistic observation style, participants are observed carefully within their individual natural setting without any interference. The particular research method is applied when researchers needs to learn behaviors of wild animals or individuals who have mental disorders. The process helps in pursuing research validation, in studying unethical topics and in identifying natural behaviors (Smith 2015). However, in this method, a researcher could not get control over the external influences upon the behavior and consumes a lot of time to be accomplished.

Therefore, it can be said that the naturalistic observation complements the survey method though naturalistic observation consumes more time than the survey method.

Task 2

Depression among Youth and Teenagers and its association with Physical health

Introduction: 

The period of adolescent is regarded as one of the most turbulent phases of life of an individual as they experience physical, mental and psychological changes that help them to define the character. Due to the hormonal changes, it is common for the people in the teenage to undergo various mood swings. According to Technow et al. (2015), it is common for an individual to experience high level of stress and pressure due to the fact that they have to deal with the pressure of academic challenge and also have the ability to deal the pressure of family for better performance.

The aim of the current research proposal is to investigate the cause of depression and stress among the young adults and also among the teenagers. By investigating the cause of the depression, it is possible to have possible intervention methods that help to deal with the better mental health condition of the child. The researcher in this case have used the form of survey analysis in order to get the idea about the related depression about the ideas that help in the matter related to the intervention methods that help to deal with the cause of the depression.      

Aim and Hypothesis 

The aim of the research is to deal with the consequence of depression among the youth and also to evaluate the methods that can be adopted to deal with the consequence related to the matters, which will help in the cases related to the reducing the cause of depression among the youth.  

Research Methods 

This section of the research helps to deal with the methods that are used to conduct the overall research and also provide proper justification that are needed to carry out the research. It is also important use effective data collection techniques, which ensure that proper and relevant data are being collected.  

Design 

The research design helps in the mattes related to the making the overall planning related to the process of the research. The overall blue print of the research is also done with the help of the research design. There are three types of research design that can be used in the given case. In case of the descriptive research design, all the detailed instruments related to the matters of data collection that are used in the given case. Proper instruments are also used in this case, in the proper method of data collection (Mackey and Gass 2015). On the other hand, the exploratory research design is used in the matters related to the using the data from the pervious research work. There is also the matter of hypothesis that helps to deduce the matter related to the research work that helps in the matter related to the new form of data collection methods (Flick 2015).

In the given research work the descriptive form of research design is being used in order to collect all relevant data related to the mental and psychological condition of the youth in the UK region. The exploratory research design is also used in this case in order to deal with the consequence related of the data that are being collected from the pervious research work. Nevertheless, it is important to collect the primary forms of data that are needed to evaluate the consequence of the depression among the youths and also the adolescent individual.

The research design is also made using the survey analysis that helps to frame the questions related to the mental condition of the young adult individual. The data that is collected from the survey are analyzed using the quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods.        

Participants

The given research the investigators mainly used the primary data that is needed in the given case related to the issues of depression and stress among the young adult individual of UK region. One of the main advantages of the primary data is that the researchers are able to collect data from the first hand source, which is directly from the sample size of the research.

In the given case, the primary data is mainly collected from the interview and survey of the young adult population of UK. The participants of the survey include teenagers and adolescence individuals.

The researchers have used random sampling method in order to select the participants of the research. Hence, the sample size was not initially and data were collected from every interested candidate who was willing to participate in the survey. At the end, the researchers were able to collect data from 114 teenagers and adolescence that belong to the age group of 12 to 24 years. 65% of the participants of the survey were female while rests are males. Researchers had mainly selected candidates, who had suffered from mental diseases in the past due to various stressful situations in academic and personal life.

Materials 

The researchers have used materials that help them to collect data and properly evaluate for making suitable conclusion about the cause of depression among young adults in UK. Latest electronic devices has been used in order to store the data for future references

Procedure 

The procedure of the research work includes collection of primary data and also applying proper method of data analysis that can be used to make suitable conclusion about the cause of depression among young adults. The data can be used for future references in order to prepare proper intervention methods to deal with all mental health challenges.

Results 

The 114 participants of the survey have provided data that is relevant to the mental health condition of personal life. ` It has been seen that 70% of the female and 65% of the males have suffered from mental depression or stress in some stage during the period of adolescence. Nearly 40% of the participants have suffered poor academic background due to consequence of stress and depression in their life 

Discussion

Depression and stress was regarded as one of the most common mental health diseases among young adults and adolescents. Due to the pressure of modern life and also stress of performing beyond capability of an individual in academic career, it is common for most of the young adults to suffer from high level of mental stress. Not able to fulfill the high level of expectation of individual performance depression is followed. The social life of teenagers along with their communication ability is highly hampered due to the consequence of mental stress and depression. It is also common for the young adults to indulge themselves in unethical activities like smoking drinking that can lead to moments of stress related to the pressure created from the society and family. It is also important to consider that the depression among young adults can also affect their physical growth and thereby increase the risk of chronic diseases that can have permanent effect in the adulthood stage of the life (Kulsoom and Afsar 2015).

One of the main challenges that are associated with dealing with depression disease is that it is not possible to properly diagnose as the disease as symptoms are not easily detectable. Common mood swing disorder and restlessness a few of the common symptoms related to depression.  The communication of the individual is also compromised due to the fact that they are not willing to share personal information with the people of the society that includes friends and family members.

Nevertheless with proper intervention measures that include timely mental counseling and also ensure that they do not feel the pressure of academic life can be the best way to deal with mental stress and depression. It is also important in the context to have decent level of expectation that can be easily fulfilled. The candidates must also be incorrect to discover your happiness and satisfaction in every small achievements of life (Adams et al. 2011).

As from the above that it is clear that most of the young adult people suffer from the consequence of depression it is essential for the mental health care department of UK to find proper method of evaluation and counseling in order to deal with the mental challenges. Proper method of intervention can also help the depression patient to overcome there here and thereby have an effective mode of communication with the people. It has also been seen that women of this age category faces more mental stress due to the fact that they have to compete in the society in order to make progress in their academic careers.

Conclusion:

With the fast moving stage of modern life depression and stress is becoming more popular than anything else. The young adult and adolescence are one of the worst affected age categories due to the effects of depression that can compromise upon their personal professional and academic career. From the research work it is cleared that high level of pressure from academic background is one of the main cause of stress and depression among the young adults. Nevertheless, with timely intervention measures, it is possible to deal with the harmful consequences of depression and mental stress.

Reference:

Adams, Z.W., Sumner, J.A., Danielson, C.K., McCauley, J.L., Resnick, H.S., Grös, K., Paul, L.A., Welsh, K.E. and Ruggiero, K.J., 2014. Prevalence and predictors of PTSD and depression among adolescent victims of the Spring 2011 tornado outbreak. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 55(9), pp.1047-1055.

Barker, C. and Pistrang, N., 2015. Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners. John Wiley & Sons.   

Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage.

Kulsoom, B. and Afsar, N.A., 2015. Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students in a multiethnic setting. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 11, p.1713.

Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.

Mertens, D.M., 2014. Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications.

Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M. and Snape, D., 2014. The foundations of qualitative research. Qualitative research practice. A guide for social science students and researchers, pp.1-25.

Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.

Technow, J.R., Hazel, N.A., Abela, J.R. and Hankin, B.L., 2015. Stress sensitivity interacts with depression history to predict depressive symptoms among youth: Prospective changes following first depression onset. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 43(3), pp.489-501.