This assignment is for someone with statistics background. I need 2 paragraphs discussion showing how t tests can be used to analyze real-life data. Think about how you might answer each of the questions.
Think about one small data set that you would like to compare to a proposed mean. For example, you could compare the mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies to the mean that the industry claims. Clearly outline your null and alternative hypothesis statements.
Consider why your research question is important.
Outline how you would use each of the steps of the four-step hypothesis test process to answer the research question.
Think about how using a t test could help your analysis. How is the outcome from the t test used to support the claim made?

Answer:

T-tests

T-tests are the most common statistical data analysis procedures used for testing hypothesis in statistics (Fagerland, 2012, pp.12-78). We have several types of t-tests, but the most commonly used t-test is the two sample t-test also called the student’s t-test. The two sample t-test normally tests whether two independent populations have some different mean values. In our case, we’ll compare the real mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies and the mean weight claimed by the industry.

Our research question:

Is there any difference between the real mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies and the mean weight claimed by the industry?

The null hypothesis

The real mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies and the mean weight claimed by the industry are the same.

The alternative hypothesis

There is a difference between the real mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies and the mean weight claimed by the industry.

To answer our research question, we shall first set a significance level of 0.05. We shall then compute the probability value (p-value) based on the real mean weight of a bag of chocolate chip cookies. The p-value represents the chances of obtaining different parameters as compared to those specified in the null hypothesis. We shall finally compare the p-value and the significance level, and if the p-value is lower, we shall reject the hypothesis. T-tests are very helpful in life as they can be used to remove doubts in estimations, like in this case t-test is used to compare the real mean and the claimed mean.

References

Fagerland, M. W. (2012). t-tests, non-parametric tests, and large studies—a paradox of statistical practice? BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12-78.

Jeffrey N. Rouder, P. L. (2009, April). Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(2), 225–237.

Ruud Wetzels, D. M. (2011). Statistical Evidence in Experimental Psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3).