Research on Smart Vehicle Plate Number

Fig 1. OBD Super Mini BT ELM327 V2.1 Bluetooth OBD2 Scanne

Features and specifications:

• Peruse symptomatic difficulty codes, vague and maker explicit, and show their importance (more than 3000 code definitions in the database).

• For your vehicle to be OBD II consistent it must have a 16-pin DLC (Data Link Connector) under the scramble and the Vehicle Emission Control Information Label must express that the vehicle is OBD II compliant. Retrieve Fault Codes (DTCs) and clear Check Engine lights.

• Show current sensor information, including Engine RPM, Calculated Load Value, Coolant Temperature, Fuel System Status, Vehicle Speed, Short Term Fuel Trim, Long Term Fuel Trim, Intake Manifold Pressure, Timing Advance, Intake Air Temperature, Air Flow Rate, Absolute Throttle Position, Oxygen sensor voltages/related transient fuel trims, Fuel System status, Fuel Pressure.

Application in project:

The main application of this component is to monitor the speed of the vehicle. The OBD continuously records the speed and sends the value back to the raspberry pie. The raspberry pie with the help of the GPS knows the exact location of the vehicle and finds the speed limit of that place.

This component is very important as it helps in recording the speed more accurately as the data obtained via GPS is verified and the accurate data is stored in raspberry pie. The use of this component could have been avoided but using this gives immense accuracy to the Smart number plate hence we have included it.

2. Kuman Electronic Fans Bundle Learning Kit for Arduino Raspberry pi with Breadboard Cable Resistor, Capacitor, LED, Potentiometer (236 Items) K66

Fig. 2. Kuman Electronic Fans Bundle Learning Kit for Arduino Raspberry pi

Components of the Kit:

400 tie-points Breadboard X 1

Power Supply Module X 1

Female-to-male Dupont Wire X 20

65 Jumper Wire X 1

Precision Potentiometer X 1

Active Buzzer X 1

IC 4N35 X 1

Passive Buzzer X 1

Thermistor X 1

IC 74HC595 X 1

Diode Rectifier (1N4007) X 5

NPN Transistor (PN2222) X 5

Photoresistor X 2

RGB LED X 1

Button X 10

White LEDX 10

Yellow LED X 10

Blue LED X 10

Green LED X 10

Red LED X 10

22pf Ceramic Capacitor X 10

104 Ceramic Capacitor X 10

Resistor (10R) X 10

Resistor (100R) X 10

Resistor (220R) X 10

Resistor (330R) X 10

Resistor (1K) X 10

Resistor (2K) X 10

Resistor (5K1) X 10

Resistor (10K) X 10

Resistor (100K) X 10

Resistor (1M) X 10

Resistance Card X 1

Pin header (40pin) X 2

Electrolytic Capacitor (10UF 50V) X 5

Electrolytic Capacitor (100UF 50V) X 5

Plastic Box X 1

Application in the project:

In order to construct the structure of the device and make connections between the raspberry pie, GPS and OBD. These components are responsible for the transferring of the data among the three major parts of Smart number plate.

3. CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 Kit with Clear Case and 2.5A Power Supply

Fig. 3. CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 Kit with Clear Case and 2.5A Power Supply

Components:

* Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi3) Model B Quad-Core 1.2 GHz 1 GB RAM

* CanaKit 2.5A Micro USB Power Supply with Noise Filter (UL Listed) specially designed for the Raspberry Pi 3 (5-foot

cable)

* Premium High Quality Clear Case

* Set of 2 Heat Sinks

* CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 Quick-Start Guide

Application in the project:

Raspberry pie is small sized computer. It is portable and compact. Once programmed it can perform various calculations on its own. It is of low cost and affordable. In our project raspberry pie acts as the head of the device. It is the one which takes all the decisions according to the data received.

Here, the information or the value of speed obtained from the OBD and the speed calculated by changing in position and time taken (calculated by raspberry pie itself) are compared and more accurate value is taken into account. Also there is a possibility that at same places OBD or GPS might not function then raspberry pie chooses the option which is still functioning.

4. GlobalSat BU-353-S4 USB GPS Receiver (Black)

Fig. 4 GlobalSat BU-353-S4 USB GPS Receiver (Black)

Components:

Built-In GPS Patch Antenna

Built-In Roof Mount Magnet

48-Channel All-In-View Tracking

SiRF Star IV GPS Chipset

WAAS/ EGNOS Support

Application in the project:

Provides continuous location values to the raspberry pie. Raspberry pie records the data continuously and this change in data with time helps the raspberry pie to calculate the velocity. Other than that this GPS can help various departments to track the exact location of car.

Methodology

Prototyping is the principle strategy utilized in the usage of the task. The different material referenced above utilized in making the model of the savvy plate number. The model will experience three principle stages as demonstrated as follows:

Fig. 5. Stages of methodology

1. Requirements: There are two major types of requirements they are as follows:
2. Functional requirement: The functions which is expected to be performed by the device. For Smart number plate the functional requirements will be as follows:
3. Continuous monitoring of the speed of vehicle.
4. Ensuring the accuracy of the values of speed obtained.

• A message should be generated when the vehicle crosses speed limit.

1. The message should include details of speed and location of the vehicle
2. This message should be sent to the nearest police department.
3. Non Functional requirements: These are the requirements which a device is expected to follow and is not a part of its regular functioning. They are as follows:
4. Ensuring security of the data of an individual.
5. The data shared by the device should be shared only to the responsible authority.

• The data should be protected or encrypted in a way that no other individual or an organization should be able to access the location or other relevant details.

2. Quick design:

We build a quick design by keeping all the components together. We ensured that the size of the gadget is as compact as possible. There were challenges to arrange the components in a way that the size should be as small as possible. We also designed Smart number plate in a way that it was efficient in communicating with the monitoring source which in our case is police control room. Also we made sure that the design was such that the OBD and GPS worked properly. 

3. Building the prototype:

Fig. 6 Prototype image

The design which was formed using the functional requirements in the previous stage was used to in order to build a working prototype. The prototype was properly functional. It worked according to all its functional requirements. We tested the functioning of prototype in the areas of low and high network in order to see if Smart number plate worked properly in various areas of UAE. 

4. User evaluation:

Our product has two main users, one are the drivers and the other are UAE police. We talked with some of the regular drivers that how they felt about Smart number plate. We installed one on couple of cars and they were really happy with the performance. The feedback they gave was that they were able to drive without thinking about the speed they are driving on or the speed limit of the that particular road. As soon as the speed exceeded the driver was notified about the same. One driver showed there was some problem with the GPS connectivity in some region.

We talked with a couple of policeman in the control room, even they were impressed with the idea and the device’s performance they wanted us to build an interface through which they could monitor the vehicles.

5. Redefining prototype: We made the changes as asked by the driver. We changed the alignment of GPS and rebooted the system. The device started working properly and even the error was rectified.

Step by step functioning of smart plate (Flow of processes)

ON

Start Engine

Compare Speed?

Neutral

Over speeding?

Check Engine Status

Initialization/ Reload

Record Speed Violation

Detect Road Speed

Detect Vehicle Speed

OFF

End

Fig. 7 Step by step functioning of smart plate

1. Start Engine: As soon as the driver turns the ignition on the smart plate turns on. The battery starts providing power to GPS and OBD.
2. Initialization / Reload: The record values of all devices are set to zero by the raspberry pie. The values stored previously in the raspberry pie are now removed and set to nil. The new recordings and values are now awaited. If the initialization value is set to “on” the process moves to checking the status of vehicle engine. If it is in ignition stage or in off stage.
3. Detect Vehicle speed: This is one of the two processes going on simultaneously. Here we detect the speed the vehicle is moving at. This process is performed using two devices namely ODB and GPS. ODB directly monitors and send the value of the recorded speed to the raspberry pie. This value is stored in raspberry pie’s internal memory. Let’s say it is stored under the variable y1. Now, simultaneously we have GPS module which continuously shares location information to the raspberry pie. Even this data is stored in the memory. We have a code written in raspberry which runs a counter of time. Now with the change in location it finds out the total distance calculated and along with it, it measures the speed by diving the total distance travelled by total time taken. This way we obtain the speed of the vehicle. Say, the distance between the points is obtained as o and the time taken is t, then the speed will be o/t. This value will be stored as y2. Both the values i.e. is the one obtained using OBD and the one obtained with the help of GPS is compared and verified. If y1=y2 then we say the values are verified. Then a new variable named y is created and the final value is stored as y=y1=y2. If the values doesn’t match another set of readings is taken until the values matches. This ensures the accuracy of the speed calculated. If one of the component i.e. OBD or GPS is not working the other component will come into the play and we will be able to get the readings. This way using multiple methods helps us to get the accurate value and constant reading at the same time.
4. Detect Road speed: While calculating the speed of the car it is important that we know or detect the road speed or in other words we need to know the speed limit of a road to compare it with the vehicle speed. In order to ensure that the vehicle is well inside its speed limits. This process starts from detecting the location of the vehicle and using Google map’s module to fetch the speed limit of that location. Now, this data is stored in the raspberry pie’s memory. We know that one more process was running simultaneously. We obtain the vehicle’s current speed and the road’s speed limit. Suppose the vehicle’s current speed is y and the road’s speed limit is d. Then if y > d a message is generated. If y<d then no message is generated. The process of recording speed and fetching speed of road and comparing them continues.
5. Compare speed: The value of vehicle velocity stored in the variable y is compared to the street velocity stored under the variable d. If the value y>d, then the values goes under over speeding protocol. Else it goes under the check engine stage which apparently starts the calculation loop again.
6. Speed violation protocol: This is the most important protocol of the device flow cycle. When the value of y increases the value of d this protocol is initiated. The protocol has few steps which are as follows:
7. Generating a message: A message is generated which includes the speed of the vehicle at the point when the protocol was called. The message also contains the exact location of the driver when the protocol was called. When the protocol is called raspberry pie sends a command to GPS to send the exact location. The location is stored in the memory for a while. The message is framed filling all the missing spaces i.e. speed of the vehicle and location and then it is sent.
8. Sending the message: The message generated is sent to the responsible authority. The raspberry pie commands Google map package to find the nearest police control room. Once it has been found the message is sent to the number registered under that police control room. The messaging module is used in order to send the message. Messaging module is pre-installed in the raspberry pie.
9. Check engine status and End: After every cycle of calculating speed of vehicle, fetching street’s speed limit and comparing the two, there is an exit loop step. This step is named as checking engine status. When a cycle is completed raspberry pie send a message to check if the vehicle is still in ignition mode. If raspberry pie receives a reply from vehicle start status, then the process is repeated. If the ignition status is “off”. The loop comes to an end and raspberry pie shuts all the components in order to save electricity. There is a variable named n in which the status is saved if the ignition is “on” we save the value of n as “1”. If the ignition is in the off state we save the value of n as “0”. The numeric value of the ignition status saved under n is easier to understand, save and operate for a raspberry pie.

This the whole methodology by which the device works. The process simply starts with the ignition of the vehicle. There is no need of switching on the device and it switches off when the vehicle’s ignition is off. Thus no individual can go around and fool the device.

Processing the data

The OBD Super Mini BT ELM327 V2.1 segment interfaces with the vehicle by means of a sequential association. It peruses different data about the vehicle including motor status and vehicle speed. The gadget gives exact speed-perusing. At that point the OBD associates with the Processing unit (Raspberry Pi 3) in which is associated with a PC and modified to speak with the GPS by means of the GlobalSat BU-353-S4 USB GPS Receiver. To begin with, the preparing unit gets the vehicle speed from the OBD and vehicle area from the GPS. At that point, the Processing Unit contrasts the Vehicle Speed and the street speed spared in the vehicle's log record and composes any speed infringement in vehicle's speed infringement log document. At last, speed infringement synchronized with the Transport Authority Database.

Fig. 8 processing stages

Several road tests conducted to analyze the operability and accuracy of the prototype.

Results and Discussion

The Smart Vehicle Plate Number Project's principle objective is to fetch vehicle speed infringement. The model was tried and effectively recorded speed infringement. The handling unit decides the vehicle area through the GPS. At that point, the handling unit gets street most extreme speed by means of Google Map or some other exact Map specialist organization. Following is the image of how the tracked vehicle trails will look like.

Fig. 9. GPS snapshot

In order to implement this idea in to practice we will require to use Google map’s API. The Google map’s API is free for the companies generating revenue less than $200. So, for the prototype we didn’t require to pay any money. But if we turn this idea in to business we will have to buy the yearly subscription. Also the second major user of our device which is transport authority, we will have to come into agreement with them.

Fig. 10 Calculations in raspberry pie

This above image shows the latitude and longitude recorded by the GPS. The raspberry pie uses these coordinates and the time recorded using the time to calculate the speed in km per hour. We can see that for the case we have considered here the speed was constant at 40 km/hr. As the speed looks like well inside the limits the driver will not be in trouble. Incase driver decided to increase the speed and reaches a speed which is over the speed limit and stays at that speed then a message will be generated.

Fig. 11 Generated message

Now, here we see that at the beginning the speed limit was more than 40 km per hour so the message which was visible is “Car is within speed limit”. Then, there is a location when the speed limit is 20 km per hour. The second speed check shows the message “Car is over speed with: 20.0 km/h”. Along with that a message saying “Ticket is used at location: 25.1222927 55.4120159” which means the ticket was issued at a point where latitude is 25.1222927 and longitude is 55.4120159 and the message also mentions the time and date on which the ticket was generated. Here we have the date as 13/04/2017 and the time is 11:29:32 and location is mentioned as North Dubai. We also get a pin code for the ease of understanding. The pin code for this message is seen as 50300. All speed violation records added into the Log File and synchronized with the Transport Authority database. Speed violation records include all the needed details such as Date, Time, Location, and Vehicle Details.

Conclusion

There are around 3 million autos in the UAE. As indicated by gulfnew.com there were around 3,700 passings because of mishaps a year ago. There are a few explanations behind these mishaps, for example, driving under the influence, not adhering to traffic rules, glitch of the vehicle however the most significant reason for these mishaps was over speeding. The UAE police are each year attempting to take new activities so as to decrease these mishaps.

A study directed by inlet news on mishaps in UAE has given some stunning figures. It was gotten that even on the day when this overview was led there were four mishaps in only a time of two hours. Just between the long stretches of January to July a year ago, there was in excess of 1,250 mishaps included vehicle. These mishaps were the significant mishaps that either cost life or genuine wounds. In these mishaps around 23 individuals were murdered and 884 were harmed. In a similar length, there were instances of vehicle accidents and this cost 76 lives and 996 individuals with genuine wounds.

The speed radars and police power present on the ground can't be spread the nation over as it will require significant expenses and a few spots might be such where one can't introduce either. In this way there is a requirement for some innovation which screens vehicle and controls the drivers from over speeding.

The center advancements and there working are as OBD scanner which helps in observing velocity, GPS which tracks current area and sends the information persistently to raspberry pie and Raspberry pie which is the fundamental controlling or figuring unit of the gadget. Here the information gave by the GPS will be utilized to ascertain the speed.

The Main preparing of this framework will incorporate continuous observing of the speed of the vehicle, if the speed builds a particular breaking point, the message will incorporate subtleties of the speed and area of the vehicle and this message will be sent to the closest police division.

Recommendations and future scope

Following are the few recommendations or future scope of the device:

1. Tamper alert: This device as mentioned earlier will be installed in the vehicles along with the number plate it is important to make sure that the device is not tampered or compromised by the driver or the owner of the car. We can install a tamper alert feature in smart number plate. When one tries to tamper the number plate alert alarm should ring in the car also a message will be sent to the traffic department, so they can take necessary action. This will help in two ways, firstly if an individual is tampering car without the permission of the owner then the owner will be notified due to the alarm and also the message received by the police department will help them to take necessary actions against the defaulter.
2. Use of intelligent system: In case the driver has met with an accident, the intelligent system will come into play. They will analyze the scenario of the place using cameras installed in them. The scenes will then be used in order to determine the severity of the accident. The device will use machine learning and deep learning algorithms in order to determine the severity. Once the severity is determined, it will take necessary actions accordingly. If the severity is determined as normal then no actions will be taken, if the severity is determined to be critical then the nearby hospitals will be notified so that the injuries individual get proper medical attention in the right time. This way it can help in saving people in accident.
3. Driving patterns recognition: A driving pattern recognition can be installed in the smart number plate. This will monitor the way of driving of an individual. If the individual is not driving properly it might come to a conclusion that may be vehicle is malfunctioning, or the driver may be drunk or the driver is injured or having any medical condition. Once a flaw in driving condition is confirmed it can notify the authorities to take necessary actions.

These are the few recommendations or future work will might add to our existing project Idea.

Bibliography

A research paper which was written by two students from National institute of Technology and was presented in the 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). The article was published in the year of 2016 and has more than 4000 reads and is cited by around 10 different publishers. This paper talked about a solution which will assist specialists with observing vehicle at the solace of sitting at their control rooms. Drivers for the most part need to keep a beware of their speedometer so as to ensure that they are under speed limit. This gadget enables driver to know when they are surpassing pace limit and advises specialists just when the driver doesn't back off. The GPS and GSM advancements are profoundly favored in planning such gadgets.

A research paper which was written by authors named Pelegri-Sebastia, Jose & Alberola, Jorge & Llario, Vicente in the year of 2002. Was presented in a conference on Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - CLIN GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL. This article talked about building a device which can be constructed on the concepts of GMR sensor. It was built in a way that it measures the speed of vehicles by the changes in magnetic field. The benefit of this technology was it didn’t require any wire or continuous power supply. But at the same time it was based on image processing and GMR sensors so it will be required to be installed at various places and manpower will be required to monitor the system.

A research paper written by Arpita Kulkarni, Amulya K J, Radhika A D. in the year of 2019. The research paper was presented in a conference related to International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. A straightforward two point gadget was likewise utilized, it was with the end goal that it recorded the approaching of vehicle at point and again will record the hour of approaching of vehicle at point B. At that point basically by utilizing separation by time one can ascertain the speed of the vehicle.

An article published in the International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science by the authors named Mallidi, S Kumar Reddy in the year 2018. The article spoke about the developing pace of setbacks and passing has prompted establishment of a gadget fueled by IOT. The gadget utilizes advances, for example, raspberry pie and is fueled by AI calculations. The gadget if there should arise an occurrence of a loss investigates the seriousness of the mishap utilizing the AI calculations and on premise of its seriousness tells the mindful specialists with the assistance of GPS and informing modules. The area got by the specialists can assist them with reaching out to the person.

An article written by M. A. Khan and S. F. Khan under the topic IOT based framework for Vehicle Over-speed detection," in the year 2018 during 1st International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS) conference. The article talks about a canny innovation with the assistance of IOT can lessen the setbacks due to over speeding. A gadget empowered with GPS with the assistance of insight can realize the speed furthest reaches of that specific locale and subtleties, for example, on the off chance that that area is a clumsy zone and, at that point as far as possible is balanced as needs be. On the off chance that an individual goes past as far as possible the capable specialists are educated right away.

Boddapati Venkata sai Padmaja, Venkata Ratnam Kolluru and Syam Sai Kota in the year of 2019 wrote an article under the title IoT based Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Tracking system using Node MCU and presented it at International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). The article speaks about Forthcoming mishaps can be anticipated utilizing a blend of different sensors which will screen the essence of human and exercises which are uncommon. For example, visit flickering of eyes, liquor location, circulatory strain discovery, and so on. The gadget utilizes hub MCU for following the framework. Alongside these there will two ultrasonic sensors which will screen approaching vehicles. On the off chance that any bizarre exercises are observed a caution will signal and a warning will be sent through mail to an individual in close connection.

Athira Gopal, Haricharann D V, A Harikoushik, Ambrish V, Vineeth VV wrote an article in 2019 under the topic named Automatic Speed Surveillance and Vehicle Alerting System using Internet of Things (IoT) presented in the International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). The article revolves around the increment in vehicles on street, it is critical to force exacting standards. In any case, it is a human instinct to defy a guideline. So as to keep up the peace it is essential to present a framework which can hold these under tight restraints. A programmed and savvy speed checking framework can be introduced in a vehicle with the end goal that it screens the speed of a vehicle persistently and send the information utilizing recurrence adjustment and WIFI. These framework was basic and simple to actualize.

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