Pubhepi 2410 Epidemiology : About Assessment Answers
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It's unlikely to be used as a biological attack but still a possibility. It would be useful for advanced practice nurses to be aware that there is a vaccination for this disease. Should an outbreak occur individuals that were exposed would need vaccinated. Also possibly choosing to be vaccinated ahead of time would be beneficial in being able to provide care in the event there was an outbreak and remain healthy, though this is not something routinely offered. After receiving this vaccination, you do need to be quarantined for up to 18 days. You are monitored for fever and symptoms of smallpox after receiving the vaccination. This is not a vaccination that is routinely given but rather to some people in the military and those that actively research smallpox. As healthcare providers APRNs may be in the front line for vaccination if an outbreak occurred to assist in helping care for those that are infected and because caring for the ill will also increase exposure. Also being aware of what the disease looks like and progresses, so it can be promtly reported is important as an APRN.
2.Ricin, a category B bioterrorism agent is found naturally in castor beans. Ricin can be derived from the end waste of castor beans during the process of making castor oil. Ricin can be in the form of powder, pellet or mist. Ricin is tasteless, odorless and can be a resilient substance that under harsh temperatures. An amount as small as 500ug inhaled or injected can kill an adult. After exposure of Ricin either through inhalation, ingestion or injection death can occur within 36-72 hours. Signs and symptoms of Ricin poisoning are dependent on the mode of exposure. Currently there isn't an antidote for Ricin poisoning (CDC, 2015).
In this time and age, bioterrorism remains a topic of much discussion and importance. Adequate preparedness and interventions play a key role in preventing outbreaks of bioterrorism agents. The APRN may encounter a case of Ricin poisoning in the emergency department and should be prepared to adequately detect and treat the symptoms associated with exposure. Proper identification of the agent in a timely matter is crucial to the containment of a possible outbreak. The APRN should be familiar with policies and procedures in place in an event of a bioterrorism attack.
Answers:
1.Thank you for the informative piece you have written on small pox that gives a comprehensive view of the disease. Though there has not been any documented case of the disease in the last four decades, there must a mitigation response prepared to combat any outbreak in future. Your post has highlighted the importance of vaccination for preventing this disease. It has also been valuable for understanding the symptoms of the disease. Public education is to be promoted to a broader extent among all communities in this respect. Agreeing with your statement that APRNs are in the front line for delivering healthcare services to patients in cases of medical emergencies, I suggest that the government must come forward to provide adequate training to these professionals.
2.Bioterrorism has drawn attention across the community in the recent past as a threat to human civilisation. Awareness among the public about the different bioterrorism agents has not been adequate. Your post has been a key approach in this context that highlights the important bioterrorism agent Ricin Ricin. I had scarce knowledge about this particular agent and therefore took much interest in reading your post. It was surprising to me that an amount as small as 500ug can be detrimental to human life. Since the nature of health complications humans face from different bioterrorism agents are more severe than those of other diseases, professionals working in emergency departments must be prepared for such concerns. All health care organisations must put in place a set of strong policies and procedures that are to be followed by APRN in case of such a bioterrorism attack.
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