PSY 452 Data Analysis For Urinary Tract Infection Prevention

Data Analysis: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Prevention

In nursing, when there is a clinical issue without a prompt arrangement, inquiry is done to decide the most ideal approach to tackle this issue (Nieswiadomy, 2008).By seeking for the best solution to solve this problem, nurses are developing evidence-based nursing practice (Nieswiadomy. 2008). Evidence-based nursing practice is definite (Nieswiadomy, 2008) as “nursing practice that is based on the best available evidence, particularly research ?nding" (p. 401). Nursing choices are assisted by the elucidation of research ?ndings and prove based research. The reason for this task is to re?ect how nursing information is dispersed for use in individual and expert practice (Singleterry, 2013).

PICO Question

As research assumes an essential part in nursing practice, it is signi?cant to see how research questions are shaped. One approach for research in nursing is using the PICO format (Riva. Malik, Burnie. Endicott, & Busse. 2012). The letters in PICO tells about the terms populace, intercession, correlation, and result, and together they help abridge inquire about research questions that investigate the response to a clinical issue (Riva et al., 2012). The population in a PICO question is the subjects that are involved in your exploration question, where the mediation is the treatment or what is planned to be done to the population to decide its adequacy against the issue (Riva et al., 2012). Correlation is the control mass that you are looking at the intervention to that determines if you get the desired outcome that represents and examines the effectiveness of the intervention (Riva et al., 2012).

The PICO question in this assignment is: Does expelling urinary catheters fewer than 24 hours after situation lessen to danger of creating catheter related with urinary tract diseases (CAUTI's) contrasted with taking urinary catheters in more noteworthy than 24 hours in hospitalized patients? The conspicuous approach to kill CAUTI's is to stay away from the arrangement of urinary catheters all together. Despite the fact that this would take care of the issue, catheter utilize assumes a vital part in diagnosing and recuperating. The following best thing is to diminish the measure of time urinary catheters that are utilized by evacuating them instantly when they are not required again (Grif?ths and Fernandez 2007). By noting the PICO question expressed above, it could be resolved if it is removed. The urinary catheters under 24 hours after arrangement will have a positive result for the security of patients. This exploration likewise empowers nurture by providing them with the data expected to give the best nature of care when utilizing urinary catheters.

Methodology

The CINAI—IL database was used to acquire articles for inquire about on noting the above PICO question. The pursuit watchwords utilized were “CAUTI prevention AND nurse, “together with “urinary catheter AND nurse”. To limit analyzes, the journal subset was changed to nursing, peer-inspected article box was checked, and the range of the date was changed to 2007-213. These activities were done to help and guarantee the validity of the articles and rearrange the consequences of the inquiry. The Cochrane database was utilized to ?nd a fundamental survey of articles regarding this matter. The catch phrases "catheter AND nurse" were utilized to locate the accurate article. To assemble data to answer the PICO question, just nursing research contemplates were utilized as incorporation criteria. These articles were believed to be the most bene?cial because of the expansive part that nursing plays in CAUTI counteractive action. The articles were determined to be nursing research if the authors were nurses, the article was published in a nursing journal and/or the subject matter of the article was nursing related.

Discussion of Literature

The literature used in this assignment discussed the safety by taking into consideration CAUTI‘s in Healthcare by defining the interventions that were appeared to be effective in diminishing the rate of infection.

Article 1

This nursing research article clearly de?nes its purpose statement at the end of the literature review as to develop and implement interventions to decrease the amount of CAUTI incidence (Oman et al.. 2012). This study was exempt from going through a review board because it was a hospital quality improvement project. The authors provided a short but concise literature review that involved an evidence table that abridged their discoveries. A professional/post mediation configuration was utilized to empower the analysts to decide whether there was a change after each intervention by comparing the patients before and after the intervention was used. Although the sample size is not easily de?ned in the article, the authors state that they used all of the patients on two isolate units in one clinic who had an indwelling urinary catheter set and avoided the individuals who had underdone urologic surgery. Data at the ratio level was used to perform statistical tests to determine the effectiveness of each intervention used to decrease the rate of CAUTI occurrence. By using a select few trained infection control nurses to collect the data, the validity, and continuity in the collection of data was preserved. The authors found thatthrough starting and actualizing healing center wide nursing intercession, the CAUTI rate for the office will diminish. The arrangements created were worked around the length of remain in the healing facility, the term the catheter was utilized, and the items used to embed and clean the catheters. Through training of staff and strict consistence, changing healing facility strategy can have a positive result for CAUTI aversion.

Article 2

Although one of the authors is not a nurse, this article proves to be nursing research based on the joumal it was published in along with topic of CAUTI prevention being discussed (Rothfeld & Stickley. 2010). The article demonstrates to be inadequately written due to the lack of information it provides regarding being approved by an ethics committee, providing a clear purpose statement, and indicating the study framework. The reason for this article gives off an impression to diminish the measure of CAUTI's by decreasing the measure of urinary catheter utilizes. The authors discuss their literature review appropriately and determined that constraining catheter utilization and term of catheter situation is a huge piece of CAUTI avoidance. Interval information was gathered to decide whether diminishing the measure of catheters utilized would lessen CAUTI event displaying in this information in bar graph format. Ordinal data was also collected from a survey taken by the nurses to gain their opinions of the effectiveness of the study. The information was gathered by the attendants dealing with the patients remaining in the two picked units being seen at the healing center. The small sample size used by the authors may have had a negative effect on the validity of this study.

Although the think about demonstrated a reduction in CAUTI's from utilizing less urinary catheters and restricting the span they are utilized, the quantity of diseases per catheter stayed unaltered (Rothfeld Sr Stickley, 2010). This may propose that the reduction in CAUTI rate generally is specifically identified with the reduction in measure of urinary catheters utilized. Even with the limitations in this study and the inadequacy of the article design, the authors proved that it is possible to limit the measure of urinary catheters utilized as a part of a healing center focus and that it can positively affect CAUTI rates.

Article 3

Distributed in the Journal of Urologic Nurses, this nursing research article is an efficient survey of the articles with respect to the length and evacuation of catheters in contrast with CAUTI event (Bernard, Hunter, & Moore, 2012). The main statement is easily established and visibly stated in more than one place. The authors reviewed a substantial amount of literature to provide an adequate background for the topic. Using online databases and speci?c catchphrases, just nine articles out of the 53 that were surveyed were utilized as the example. This empowered the creators to gather the ordinal information they were searching for and show it successfully through tables, albeit constraining the proof to help their motivation.

The audit of articles done by these writers found that nursing drove intercessions were effective in reducing CAUTI occurrence (Bernard, Hunter, & Moore, 2012).Although no intervention was initiated to work well than by some other amid their survey, diminishing the length of urinary catheter span showed to fall the event of CAUTI's in more than one examination (Bernard, Hunter, & Moore, 2012). Due to the small sample size of articles reviewed, the authors determined that it was necessary to have additional indication to regulate the best intervention to use to reduce the degree of CAUTI‘s in acute-care settings (Bernard, Hunter, & Moore, 2012).

Article 4

This Cochrane analysis the treatment in the research article clearly de?nes its purpose statement as to determine the best strategy to remove indwelling urinary catheters, paying close attention to the number of patients who require re-catheterization after removal (Griffiths & Fernandez, 2007). The literature review provided by the authors displayed a large amount of information in an appropriate amount of space. Using only random controlled trials that were comparable to their purpose statement, the authors comprised of 26 different lessons in their review. This test estimate gives sufficient data to the authors to develop answers related to the purpose of this study. Since the purpose of this review is to discuss whether or not studies found results from different interventions referring to the prevention of CAUTI's, the level of measurement of the data is ordinal. 

After reviewing 26 articles, Griffiths and Fernandez (2007) determined when removing catheters early there are a decrease risk of infection but also an increased risk of voiding dif?culties (132). A decrease in hospital stay was also found to be signi?cant when referring to the length urinary catheter placement (Grif?ths & Fernandez, 2007).

Significance to Nursing

Indwelling urinary catheters are regularly found in the healing center setting with around 15-25% of all hospitalized patients having a catheter set to screen strict admission and yield or following a surgery (Griffiths & Fernandez, 2007). Unfortunately, CAUTI‘s are a common concern in the health care setting (Oman et al.. 2012). In checking the articles above it is evident that there are a wide range of mediations that can be utilized to diminish the event of CAUTI's. Although there was not one intervention that seemed to have the most generous effect, constraining the measure of catheters located was a determined to be an intervention with a positive outcome. Since catheters cannot be eliminated altogether, another intervention that was found to have a positive outcome was removing the urinary catheter immediately when no longer needed (Grif?ths & Fernandez. 2007), Using this information, more research can be done to determine the best intervention to decrease the rate of CAUTI’s in the health care setting. This future research may change protocols and nursing practice to ensure that nurses are doing all that they can to decrease and eliminate CAUTI rates in health services. By conducting so the nature of care and wellbeing of our patients can be safeguarded.

References 

Bernard. M. 3. Hunter. K. F.. & Moore. K. N. (2012). A Review of Strategies to Decrease the Duration of Indwelling Urethral Catheters and Potentially Reduce the Incidence of Catheter- Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Urologic Nursing,32 (1). 29-37 

Grif?ths. R.. & Fernandez. R. (2007). Strategies for the removal of short-term indwelling urethral catheters in adults. (‘ochrone Database (2f'.3:vsiemaric Reviews. (2), 

Nieswiadomy. R. M. (2008). Foundations of nursing research. (5th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 

Oman. K. S.. Flynn. Fink. R.. Schraeder. N.. Huletl. T.. Keech. T.. & Wald. H. (2012).Nurse-directed interventions to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections,Ameri'conJorrrnoi ()flnfeeiron Control. 40(6). 548-553,doi:10.1016fj.ajic.2011.07.018

Riva, J. J., Malik. K. P., Burnie, S. J.. Endicott, A. R, & Busse. J. W. (2012). What is your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for clinicians,Journal OfThe Canadian Chiropractic Association, 56(3). 167-171. 

Rothfeld. A. & Stiekley. A. (2010). A program to limit urinary catheter use at an acute care hospital. American Journal ()flnkciron Contra}. 38(7). 568-571. doi: 10. 1016/j.ajic.2009. 12.017 

Singleterry. L. (2013). NURS Research in Nursing |Course Syllabus Fall 2013].

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