Pathogenesis Assignment question with answer

When empty, the stomach's volume is only about ____ ml, but it can stretch to hold more than ______ ml.

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What is the definition of Pathogenesis?

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The primary complication with______ is aspiration.

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Celiac Disease is caused by all the following except:

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______ is the inflammation of the oral cavity classically associated with vitamin deficiencies.

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A reading of 140/90 mmHg is considered to be ____.

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Flatulence is caused by?

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Which factor(s) increase TG levels:

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Genetics affects body weight and body composition by influencing factors such as: appetite, taste preferences, energy intake, resting energy expenditure, and body efficiency in storing energy.

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________ is altering waves of relaxation and contraction of smooth muscle in the large intestine, lasting for several minutes.

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Which definition best describes a hiatal hernia:

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Accurately measuring weight and height is relatively____, _____, and equipment is _____available.

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It may take as long as _______ hours to complete the movement process through the small intestine.

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Chief cells secrete:

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HDL is usually low in obesity and therefore the LDL:HDL ratio is low.

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All the following are factors that increase HDL-C except:

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Peptic ulcer is an eroded lesion in _______ resulting from a variety of causes, including H. pylori infection, NSAID, and stress.

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All of the following have one factor in common: a mucoid plaque that is contributing to the occlusion of the lumen of the artery.
* Sudden blockage of a coronary artery
* Hemorrhage into an atherosclerotic plaque
* Arterial spasm
* Increase in myocardial oxygen demand

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Oral cavity secretions have all the following functions except:

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By themselves TG levels are associated with an increased risk of CVD. But, with other lipids, especially HDL-C, the association is not significant.

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A lab value of 200.9 mg/dL of total cholesterol is considered:

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What is the BMI range for Class 1 obesity?

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Measurement of blood pressure is expressed using systolic ________ , _______over diastolic ________ , ________ .

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Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, HTN, and prothrombotic state.

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____ is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology and is characterized by dryness of mucous membranes.

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How many stools per day are considered “above normal” for most people?

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Definition of obesity:

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If a patient has a LDL-C lab value of 128 mg/dl, what is the patients classification?

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Gastric juice is composed of :

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______ is a condition associated with Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis.

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Obesity is positively associated with all the following except:

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CHF begins with injury to the ________________or ______ ventricle hypertrophy that impairs overall function of the heart

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The term mural thrombi means:

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The atmospheric pressure in the esophagus is lesser than in the stomach which prevents the reflux of gastric contents under normal conditions.

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_____ involves changes in the cells of the tissue that line the bottom of the esophagus; these esophageal cells become irritated when the contents of the stomach back up.

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As heart failure progresses, the heart compensates for poor cardiac output by increasing the force of contraction and thus increases in size and pumps less often causing fluid accumulation in the heart.

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The large intestine has villi or microvilli but does not have large pits and crypts similar to the crypts between villi in the small intestine.

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Constipation is defined as having less than three stools in a two week period while eating a high-residue diet.

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Protein-losing enteropathy is defined as:

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Release of gastric secretions happens in three phases. What phase results in the production of gastric secretions?

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LDL-C is the primary transporter of cholesterol in the blood; total cholesterol and increased HDL-C are highly correlated.

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What term is used to describe occlusion of blood flow in non-coronary arteries?

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 All the following conditions increase the likelihood of reflux except:

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All the following are affected by cigarette smoke except:

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_________ occurs as a result of another primary problem, such as renal disease or, other cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, or neurological disorders.

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Impaired fasting glucose is defined as blood glucose of _____mg/dL or higher.

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The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum can perform each other's roles in both digestion and absorption at all times.

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Chyme from the gallbladder supplies emulsification needed for adequate lipid digestion.

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Moderate obesity can raise the risk of DM by _____.

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Gastric ulcers are not associated with excessive acid.

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The primary complication with______ is aspiration.

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Chyme from the gallbladder supplies emulsification needed for adequate lipid digestion.

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Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, HTN, and prothrombotic state.

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Define collateral circulation:

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______ is the inflammation of the oral cavity classically associated with vitamin deficiencies.

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What transports endogenous lipid from the liver to the rest of the body.

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A skinfold assessment measures the ______ of the _______.

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A reading of 158/99 mmHg is consider what level of hypertension?

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_________ occurs as a result of another primary problem, such as renal disease or, other cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, or neurological disorders.

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 All the following conditions increase the likelihood of reflux except:

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_________ stimulate(s) mucus production. Acetylcholine and ___________ stimulate HCL secretion by acting on parietal cells in the stomach.

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Measurement of blood pressure is expressed using systolic ________ , _______over diastolic ________ , ________ .

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Large hardened plaques are less likely to rupture than smaller plaques but create an occlusion of 70% of the lumen.

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If a patient has a BMI of an 18.6, what are they considered?

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Short Bowel Syndrome has all the following complications except:

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What does BMI stand for?

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By themselves TG levels are associated with an increased risk of CVD. But, with other lipids, especially HDL-C, the association is not significant.

Answer

____ is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology and is characterized by dryness of mucous membranes.

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What is the definition of Etiology?

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Celiac Disease is caused by all the following except:

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Chronic Gastritis has two types, type A and type B. Which definitions best describe both of them.

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Which definition best describes a hiatal hernia:

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______ is a condition associated with Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis.

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______ is an impairment of the ventricles' capacity to eject blood from the heart or to fill with blood .

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What word best describes a blood lipid profile that increases the risk of atherosclerotic development?

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_____ involves changes in the cells of the tissue that line the bottom of the esophagus; these esophageal cells become irritated when the contents of the stomach back up.

Answer

All the following are affected by cigarette smoke except:

Answer

All of the following have one factor in common: a mucoid plaque that is contributing to the occlusion of the lumen of the artery.
* Sudden blockage of a coronary artery
* Hemorrhage into an atherosclerotic plaque
* Arterial spasm
* Increase in myocardial oxygen demand

Answer

The large intestine has villi or microvilli but does not have large pits and crypts similar to the crypts between villi in the small intestine.

Answer

Peptic ulcer is an eroded lesion in _______ resulting from a variety of causes, including H. pylori infection, NSAID, and stress.

Answer

What assessment(s) can be used to measure body fat:

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Gastric juice is composed of :

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All the following conditions decrease lower esophageal pressure except:

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Gastric ulcers are not associated with excessive acid.

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If a patient has a BMI of 39.9 they are considered:

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Flatulence is caused by?

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Increased TG and ________ HDL-C = ________in risk;
Increased TG and ________ HDL-C= ________ risk especially in women.

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How many stools per day are considered “above normal” for most people?

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Stable _______ is the substernal pain experienced when the workload on the heart is increased due to physical or emotional stress.

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Constipation is defined as having less than three stools in a two week period while eating a high-residue diet.

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Any of the four mechanisms can initiate an MI or angina in an individual with IHD except:

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Definition of obesity:

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IBS is abnormal stooling pattern associated with symptoms of intestinal dysfunction persisting for > ____ months.

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Angiotensin II alters BP by all of the following except:

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All the following are clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure except:

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As chyme moves into the duodenum from the stomach, the hormones _______, _______, and _______ stimulate the release of pancreatic and gallbladder secretions.

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________ produce mucus that serves to protect the epithelium and assist in the formation of feces.

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_______ are products containing microorganisms manufactured and sold as food products and supplements.

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IHD is defined as:

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Accurately measuring weight and height is relatively____, _____, and equipment is _____available.

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