Nurs 440 Issues And Trends Assessment Answers

Answer:

Five tips for preventive care for the patient

Physical activity:

The patient who is suffering from diabetes needs to practice exercise on daily basis. This will help to control the weight gaining and will lower the blood glucose level to improve the lifestyle.  

Plenty of fiber:

The patient needs to include the fibers in the diet that helps in the absorption of food. It adds bulk in the diet and fulfils the hunger faster.

Whole grains:

According to Hales and Barker (2013), the patient should add complex carbohydrate in the diet that takes longer time to be digested.

Lose extra weight:

The patient needs to lose his weight, as weight gaining can be fatal for the patient. Losing weight can help the patient to lead a better lifestyle. This will reduce the chance of mortality and other diseases as well.

Look into the diet:

In case of diabetes, people should be aware of the diet. They need to cut off the fatty and unhealthy foods from the diet. If the age of the patient is more than 45 then he must be more careful. In this stage, the risks of the cardiac arrest, hypertension, stress and gastrointestinal problem may arise, which can be reduced by modifying the diet (American Diabetes Association. 2014).

Information that should be shared with family or caregivers

The caregivers and family members need to know the necessary things about diabetes. The patient may not take the insulin by itself therefore, the caregiver needs to know the process to inject insulin. Moreover, the person who is taking care of the patient needs to know the how to monitor the blood glucose level. They need to record the monitored data to check the improvement. The care provider and the family members need to know the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus and should know the initial stage to reduce the problem (Stenlöf et al., 2013). For example, if a patient of diabetes mellitus faces the problem hypoglycemia then immediately the family members or the caregiver needs to feed sugar to increase the blood glucose level initially. The family members need to know that how to take care of a diabetes patient.

Local resources in community for the safety concern

The local community can make people aware about the dangerous effects of diabetes on daily lifestyle. They can arrange a diabetes prevention program where they can teach people the way to prevent diabetes. They can provide knowledge on glucagon. People should know how to control type 2 diabetes at home. Not only the patients but also the family members need patient education on type 2 diabetes. Scirica et al. (2013) mentioned that in case of prevent the disease, the patient safety is necessary. The local community can arrange program where they can provide knowledge on the medication of insulin. However, insulin can be taken via various routes and the patient needs to know that.  

References

American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), S81-S90.

Hales, C. N., & Barker, D. J. P. (2013). Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. International journal of epidemiology, 42(5), 1215-1222.

Scirica, B. M., Bhatt, D. L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P. G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., ... & Cavender, M. A. (2013). Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(14), 1317-1326.

Stenlöf, K., Cefalu, W. T., Kim, K. A., Alba, M., Usiskin, K., Tong, C., ... & Meininger, G. (2013). Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin monotherapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 15(4), 372-382.