N201 Business Management and Leadership : Team Work
Answer:
Introduction
Leadership is the essential part of every organization. It does not work only in certain organization but also it has wide nature in every sector. In this report Fit for the future - Public Health People, (PHE 2016) and Health 2020 (WHO, 2014) both highlight the importance of inter-sector working and planning. Apart from that it will reflect the development of ‘governance for health’ rather than the old model of ‘governance in health’. This assessment will help to understand that how leadership behaviors influence the culture and entire environment of working of colleagues and team work. In the case of health care of public, leadership affects efficiently whether working directly with patient or service users or not, people will realize that what they do and how they behave will influence the experiences of patients of healthcare organization along with the quality of care provided (Duffy and Morrow, 2015).
Fit for the future
There have been various improvements done in the order of protection of public’s health since the era of Edwin Chadwick, John Snow and the Public Health Act of 1848, which established local health boards to resolve a health issue of public such as infectious diseases. But in the 21st century, public has to face so many challenges regarding health issues in the term of non-communicable disease such as, heart diseases diabetes and cancer (Middlehurst, 2013). In comparison of predecessors of Victorian UK live in times of rapid economic, technological and social amendment that affect health of the population along with the workforce. It is the way in which there is need to develop to continue to protect and to improve the health of the public. The health and social care 2012 switched responsibility for the health of public in England and made a new national public health body for which back into the local government of England. PHE and local authorities are considered as the main employers of public health specialists and teams which provides expertise and leadership at local as well as level of national (Kristof?brown and Billsberry, 2013). This transition is done because of support of national public health workforce strategy which has been refreshed in 2016.
Concepts
PHE is the concept which acknowledges organization and colleagues across the health system of public for their support for the review of PHE
. In the public health group, there is lot of group representation who supports to public health care. They are Department of Health, Association of Directors of Public Health, Greater Manchester Fire Service, Institute of Health Equity, Department of Health and Social Services and Public Safety (Northern Ireland), UK Public Health Register, Health Education England, Scottish Department of Health and Royal Society of Public Health.
This are the new concepts and PHE was commissioned by the department of health 2015 which is carry out an entire view of health workforce of public further capabilities and skills. This future reference review has been accomplished between July 2015 and March 2016 and the main aim of this concept to focuses on a term of medium review which is about 5 years. The same concept has been initiated by centre for workforce intelligence but comparison of PHE this one would take 20 years around to accomplish.
PHE is a major upgrade in the practice of public health to emphasize cross-sector environmental, systematic level actions and policy that certainly influence the social determinants of health. It shows an issue to community leaders, business leaders, state lawmakers and federal policy makers to incorporate health into all aspects of governance. Good public health is necessary for the better future (Madera et. al., 2014).With having good health, people will more engage with their health and social activities. Healthy public without disease would clarify that the demand or need of healthcare and social care would be managed in adequate manner. Due to these services the level of health gain would be maximized and outcomes would be come in efficient manner. Technological advances such as in genomics permit effective approaches of individualized to the prevention of disease and lifestyle advices as well. Public health leadership is strong at local as well as national level, to support the public health workforce directors of public came from a variety of backgrounds. The health workforce of public constant to be comprehensive and recognize a broad scope of skills set and people hired from various level of backgrounds (Klettner, et. al., 2014).
Public health workforce
Public health workforce has been described as the art and science of protecting health and well being along with protecting ill-health by arranged endeavor of society. While it defines that a wide scope of people and organization promote to improving and protecting health of people. It has been three core functions of public health system defined by World health organization that is monitoring of the health of entire population at risk. The second core function is to identify the health issues and priorities the formulation of policies of public which is designed to resolve the issues of local and national. The last core function is to assure that populations have right to suitable and cost effective care, involving promotion of health and services of disease prevention (Johnson et. al., 2013).
These core functions are delivered by depth workforce, involving public health professional that is specialists, super head of public health and practitioners who are fully expert in all or some of the 9 key areas of public health practice in the United Kingdom who are serving in a scope of organization. The role of a wider group of people is being recognized as the broader workforce in the health system of public which has been increased to be recognized (Storey, et. al., 2017). The formulation has been done in the concept of health workforce of public and the main aim of UK behind this formulation is to identify the health priorities and issues of local as well as national level. It is the concept that makes ensure to the public that they can have cost effective care such as disease preventions services.
9 areas of public health practice in the United Kingdom
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Improvement of health |
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Health intelligence of public |
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Health protection |
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Public health of Academic |
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Quality of health and social service |
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Assessing the evidence of healthcare intervention and program |
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Strategic leadership |
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Surveillance of the health of populations |
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Strategy development and policy implementation |
In the framework of UK- wide skills and knowledge, the needed capabilities for public health practices have been described that is recently being updated to show today’s practice in the broader workforce. There are certain core functions such as behavior, technical competencies, context and delivery. The function of behavior includes principles and values, ethical and reflective practice and compliance with workplace legislation. Technical competence is a function which helps to monitor, measure and report population health and well being, health risk and inequalities. Along with that it helps to promote population and wellbeing to address the wider determinants of health inequalities. Context is the function which contains work criteria through policies and strategies to protect health and decrease health inequalities. Along with that work within democratic and political systems with a wide range of organizational culture, to improve the health issues protect so that health diseases can be reduced (Carter, 2014). Delivery is the last core function describes that program should be created in the term of reducing health diseases.
New approaches
It is a new approach and updated approach as well to protect UK people from health disease. The main aim behind these approaches is to create an attractive career. It has been intelligible that there is a requirement for effective technical public health skills that have effective leadership as well as interpersonal skills. There are so many skills which are required for public health and well being such as evaluation, research, health economics, data analysis, interpretation and critical appraisal which are valued and valid. New approaches help out to find this skill appropriately so that the health of people will remain good. PHE has latterly deputed resolution for public health to evaluate the support of public health given to CCGs and it is the approach that recognized how gaps in key skills areas are being met. There is certain proof that the system is already starting to reply to the requirement to enhance new knowledge and skills in the workforce: PHE 2016 is enhancing an intelligence strategy and knowledge that start to inscription the need for new development of skills and planning and capacity building as well. It is the approach which identified many factors such as making an attractive career, enhancing a social and effective motion for health, enhancing skills for the 21st century, building a strength system of thinking and leaders ability, ensuring flexibility, mobility and resilience in the system so that public health workforce can be saved.
Leadership
Leaders are important aspect in every organization. They are open to information and investigation to know that what need to be done now so that they can make planning in an appropriate manner and informed way about how to progress proposal for improvements. To make successful approaches, leaders play a vital role in a healthcare field. They create a purpose which is shared for the purpose of doing different work, motivating them to faith in shared values so that employee of an organization can provide good services and benefits for patients, their communities and families (Conrad, 2014). Leaders are having the personalities who are skilled to know the underlying emotions that influence their team member. They facilitate them to handle a feeling which is unsettling so they can put efforts in their energy on providing a great service that outcome in order of care for patients. PHE 2016 and health 2020 both approaches are opportunities to bring the focus on policy and strategy which may influence causes of the causes. It is a view on public health leadership (Grix and Houlihan, 2014).
Challenges for local government and public health
There are so many challenges that UK people have to face and PHE 2016 and health 2020 both approaches are made in the order to make improvement in the lifestyle of UK. In the city of Salford which is the part of UK, 13000 children live in poverty in the city. There are so many health issues that they are facing. More than 70% salfordians lives in area categorized as highly deprived. To cover the gap, death rate is reducing. Success rates at GSCE are lower which has become greatest issue for the people of Salford (Collinson, 2014). The expected life of women is 2.5 year less than the average of England. High proportion of children is only eligible for free school meals. These all are major issue which influencing the health of people in UK. The new approaches and their leaders with full of skills initiated to improve the health and reduce the health issues of people in the UK.
Core public health workforce
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Public health midwives: it improves and promotes the health of children and families throughout birth, pregnancy of women and specializing in quality assurance of program in PHE. |
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Specialists: involving directors of public health- working as a senior manager and system leaders, with effective range of skills which are employed majorly in PHE. |
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Environmental health officers and practitioners – They are the officers and practitioner who focus to monitor and encourage public health and the standard of environmental in local authorities and the health protection team of PHE. |
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Staff of knowledge and intelligence – it is the staff which is employed and skilled in knowledge management, informatics and interpretation and has efficiency in data analytics. |
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Practitioners who has broad scope of effective skills delivering services for public health and programs including PHE and local authority public health. |
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There are so many advisors such as weight management advisor, health trainers, stop smoking advisor and so on that provide efficient advice, practical support and motivation to individuals as well as local communities |
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Scientists – scientists are leading role in delivering and developing highly technical scientific function in favor of the objectives of health of public which is primarily within PHE and they are working also in laboratories of NHS. |
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PHE, NHS trust and the voluntary or private sectors may be employed to public health nurses such as health visitors and school nurses. Along with that they can employ people for working in research, sexual health, TB, health protection and immunization. |
Healthcare leadership model
Healthcare leadership model is made up with nine dimensions. This model will be helpful to illustrate the expected behavior of leaders in healthcare. There are nine dimension including leading with care, share of vision to others, influencing for results, team engagement, connection of services, developing capability, motivating shared purpose, holding to account and evaluation of information(Spender, 2016) .
Motivating shared purpose
Motivating shared purpose is valuing a service ethos. It is the way which may impact the values of NHS. It is necessary because leaders make an aim of shared values which enhance the skills of other followers to provide the better services to patient so that they could not get dissatisfied. There are so many factors which can bring the issue to initiate the new approaches such as PHE 2016 and health 2020. Turning a blind eye, self righteousness, take advantages of values to push the personal agenda and misplaced tenacity are the points which may influence public health workforce/practitioners if they are to be active in the development and implementation of approaches (Ladkin, 2017).
Leading with care
It is the dimension which describes that leader should have essential personal qualities to improve health and reduce health disease in the context of wellbeing. Leader should understand the requirements of the team appropriately and along with that leader should provide a safe and caring environment to enable every team member to work efficiently. If the leader is making excuses for poor performance and ignore important things due to laziness while he has power to accomplish a particular task within time frame. This attitude may bring the issue in public health workforce (Fisher, et.a l., 2017).
Evaluation of information
It is a factor of dimension which seeks out varied information. It is using information for the purpose of generating new ideas and makes effective plans for improvement. PHE 2016 and health 2020 are the approaches which make evidence- based decisions that honor various perspectives of all the services users. To success the approaches of PHE 2016 and health 2020, leaders are open to investigate and information that what is happening so that leaders can utilize their skills and knowledge to develop proposal for improvements (Wafula, 2014).
It is a skill of leadership to enhance the knowledge of others that how health and care services get set together. and how various teams of an organizations interconnect with these services. Leaders should understand that how services and tasks done in different teams and organization. Skills of leaders should be effective so that they can understand the implications of different structures, values and cultures. With knowledge of these things, leaders can make share risks, links and collaborate effectively.
Communication is the important skill of leadership. PHE 2016 and Health 2020 is the program which is made for the welfare of the health of people of UK. It is necessary for all the workers that the vision of company should be clear in the mind of core health workforce. Leaders play a vital role to convey the vivid information and effective view of what everyone is doing towards in an honest way. Leaders can motivate people and facilitate others to accomplish the task within time frame.
Leaders are the most important person in an organization who can promote their followers. They focus on teamwork and try to add values in an individual so that an individual can contribute their ideas to create an environment of staff engagement. Leader should be effective to manage the team works so that aim behind these approaches can be fulfilled (McDermott, et. al., 2013).
It defines building capacity to enable individual to accept future challenges. Leadership behaves like role model because followers do what they see that is why it is important to have the sufficient knowledge about the task so that leader can guide them efficiently.
Leader is the person who clears all the information regarding task. PHE 2016 and Health 2020 are the approaches which can be success only with the right guidance of leaders. Leader under this approaches can give worker freedom to self manage within the demands of their task and try to learn them to deliver improving standards.
Entire outcome of efforts of PHE 2016 and health 2020 approaches is depending upon the guidance of effective leadership. Leader decides that how it impacts on other people. Influencing the results is important because the nature of leaders is sensitive to the concern of needs of a team as well as an individual (Opoku, et. al., 2015). Leader use his skills and knowledge to create connection of attraction and make procedure how to individual reach agreement about priorities and resources allocation and tasks to deliver the services appropriately (West, et. al., 2014).
Conclusion
It has been concluded that leadership plays a vital role in the UK health care. In this report the entire understanding about ‘Fit for the Future – Public Health People, (PHE 2016) and Health 2020 (WHO, 2014) has been given. These approaches and concepts have been discussed critically. Since the public health workforce strategy was launched in 2013, the entire situation of England of public health has amended considerably and the pace of amendment is fixing to constant for future reference. Nine areas of public practice has mentioned in this report which will give better understanding regarding demand of public health workforce. Along with that the core public health workforce has been discussed in this report with including all necessary members who help out to initiate new approaches. The nine models of leadership behavior and critical leadership skills and knowledge described the points which may influence public health workforce/practitioners if they are to be active in the development and implementation of approaches.
References
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Collinson, D., 2014, Dichotomies, dialectics and dilemmas: New directions for critical leadership studies?. Leadership, 10(1), pp.36-55.
Conrad, D, 2014, Workplace communication problems: Inquiries by employees and applicable solutions, Journal of business studies quarterly, 5(4), 105.
Duffy, K. and Morrow, K., 2015, Supporting band 5 practitioners in professional and leadership roles, Nursing Standard, 30(6), pp.43-50.
Fisher, A., Weir, D. and Phillips, J., 2014, Beyond transactional and transformational leadership into the double helix: a case-study of blended leadership in police work, Review of Enterprise and Management Studies, 1(2), pp.16-28.
Freedman, A.M., 2016, The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change and organizational development, John Wiley & Sons.
Grix, J. and Houlihan, B., 2014, Sports mega-events as part of a nation's soft power strategy: The cases of Germany (2006) and the UK (2012), The British journal of politics and international relations, 16(4), pp.572-596.
Goodall, A, and Stoller, J.K., 2017, The future of clinical leadership: evidence for physician leadership and the educational pathway for new leaders, BMJ Leader, pp.leader-2017.
Johnson, G., Whittington, R, Scholes, K., Angwin, D, and Regnér, P., 2013, Exploring strategy text & cases (Vol. 10). Pearson.
Klettner, A., Clarke, T, and Boersma, M, 2014, The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), p.145.
Kristof?brown, A.L. and Billsberry, J., 2013, Fit for the future. Organizational fit: Key issues and new directions, pp.1-18.
Ladkin, D, 2017, Aesthetics of leadership: the example of Barack Obama, The Business & Management Collection.
Madera, J. M., Dawson, M, & Neal, J. A., 2014, Managing language barriers in the workplace: The roles of job demands and resources on turnover intentions, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, 117-125.
McDermott, A, M, Conway, E., Rousseau, D,M, and Flood, P.C., 2013, Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance. Human Resource Management, 52(2), pp.289-310.
Middlehurst, R., 2013, Changing internal governance: are leadership roles and management structures in United Kingdom universities fit for the future?. Higher Education Quarterly, 67(3), pp.275-294.
Opoku, A., Ahmed, V, and Cruickshank, H, 2015, Leadership style of sustainability professionals in the UK construction industry, Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 5(2), pp.184-201.
Spender, J.C., 2016, Some thoughts on “business leadership”, Revue française de gestion, (3), pp.57-69.
Storey, J., Holti, R., Hartley, J., Marshall, M. and Matharu, T., 2017. Mobilizing Clinical Leadership in and around Clinical Commissioning Groups: A mixed methods study. NIHR Journal Library Publications.
Wafula, E., 2014. Theory and Practise of Educational Leadership. The Strategy of Involving.
West, M, A, Eckert, R, Steward, K, and Pasmore, W, A, 2014, Developing collective leadership for health care, King's Fund.
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