Mn501 Network Management In Organisations Assessment Answers

The purpose of this assignment is to develop skills in research, critical analysis and academic writing of high standard. In this assignment students will: 
Identify potential ethical and social issues related to IT administration ethics. 
Discuss ethical and social issues pertaining to IT systems?administration. 
Interpret professional codes of ethics developed by various industry bodies. 
Discuss ethical behaviour in accordance with professional codes. 
Explain ethical solutions to ensure that the society benefits.

Students  must  be  able  to  generate  ideas  at  abstract  levels  and  support  their arguments with strong reasoning. Students must strengthen critical thinking skills by answering the assignment. 

Introduction

Automatic cars or self-driven cars are increasing tremendously in which software plays an important role. There are gigabytes of software that are mainly used in Electronic Control Units (ECUs) which are embedded as small computer systems in the cars. Firstly, only 20 ECUs were used primarily in automated cars, but the number has recently increased to 100. Software involved in the cars are increasing in a rate of 10 software within a range of 5 to 7 years. The vehicles which facilitates self-driving basically combines the data of inside vehicle and the data externally received from outside environment. The external environment consists of other vehicles, the signs on road, as well as cloud. Different application or different software are needed for controlling traffic, enhanced safety, and platooning coordination [5]. The main issues concerned with the self-driving cars is that they should be sustainable socially. This research papers consists of ethical as well as social issues that are involved with driverless cars. There are also professional code of ethics that are involved with the system.

Ethical and Social issues related with the system

Ethical issues that are related with launching of automatic cars is that in case of an accident, there is no one to be blamed [2]. Ethical issues arise in case of an accident that who is to be blamed for the accident. It might be the car company or the software creator. With the driverless car, the word driver negligence totally vague as there is no driver. There are ethical issues as the system in automatic cars are not capable recognizing faces and cannot incorporate perception in them. The applications that are involved with automatic cars is implying a policy algorithm which is to be changed according to the environment outside.

The social issues that is analyzed from driverless cars is that people are going jobless with the launching of automatic cars online [4]. Social issues also includes problems for insurance agents or traditional agents as they are also going jobless with the implementation of driverless cars.

Ethical and Social Issues pertaining in the system

There are also ethical issues that pertains in launching of driverless car on road. There are security issues as well as privacy issue that are involved with the system. Security issues involves updating all the applications and software that are used in the cars [3]. All the systems and software should be kept up to date and are to be connected with a network. Software that are updated can help to fix all kind of issues related to driving in the car. Safety can be enhance by establishing a connection with the some other systems as well.

The social issues that pertain in the system of driverless car is that they are not capable of taking decisions when needed to take in emergency time [6]. The programs are installed previously in an automatic software and application in the car. They are not capable to taking emergency decision and are not capable of recognizing faces.

Professional Code of Ethics developed by different industries

The professional code of ethics that are included for driverless cars includes:

• Primacy of Public Interest- The public who uses the system of driverless cars have much interest in using the cars as this is a new innovative technology that helps to travel faster. But, there are also issues that the public faces while using this technology [8]. The systems in the cars are not capable of detecting faces or might lead to accident anytime and anywhere.
• Enhancement of quality of Life- This might include the manufacturers, the software developers or the passengers sitting in the car. When an automated car meets an accident, as there is no driver, no one can be accused for the accident. In that case the manufacturer or the software developer is only accused.

Ethical Behavior with Professional Codes

The ethical behaviors that is related to professional codes include that the legislation that are needed to kept updated with the recent automated driving and in the emergence of automated cars. The professional ethics includes some ethical guidelines that are to be implemented for developing the process and designing the process in making a car automatic [1]. The law that are involved in the design process does not intent to harm others. This can help to narrow the ethical programming that are available for the driverless cars. This may include ruling out the crash optimization that steers towards a person and also minimizes the harm that might come. If accidents occurs, the driverless vehicles basically make things worse by making accidents and this can lead to severe punishment of the manufacturer of the software developer.

Ethical Solutions for ensuring society benefits

The ethical solutions for ensuring the society benefits includes many solutions. The cars generally produces collaborating as well as supporting legislators which performs to keep the software up to date [7]. The contribution for global frameworks and the legislative supports ensures very smooth enrollment for the emerging technology. The ethical solution also includes designing of processes, implementation of processes and development of the processes that are involved in the automated cars. The engineers involved in the ethics of code should also imply that there should be proper training for the engineers involved in automated cars.

Conclusion

Autonomous vehicles are becoming nowadays one of the upcoming technologies with all types of new innovation and hundreds of application involved. The main cause of this development as well as adoption is that they are meant for saving lives and making the live of humans better. The cars have recently become smarter deploying airbags, systems including collision systems, anti-locks brakes as well as high-level monitoring. With all the advanced technologies involved, there are still room of improvement for making driverless cars more efficient. From this report it can be concluded all the social issues and ethical issues concerned with automatic cars and ethical solutions for ensuring the society benefits.

References

[1] Bonnefon, Jean-François, Azim Shariff, and Iyad Rahwan. "The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles." Science 352, no. 6293 (2016): 1573-1576.

[2] McBride, Neil. "The ethics of driverless cars." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 45, no. 3 (2016): 179-184.

[3] Greene, Joshua D. "Our driverless dilemma." Science 352, no. 6293 (2016): 1514-1515.

[4] Redshaw, Sarah. In the company of cars: Driving as a social and cultural practice. CRC Press, 2017.

[5] Gogoll, Jan, and Julian F. Müller. "Autonomous cars: in favor of a mandatory ethics setting." Science and engineering ethics23, no. 3 (2017): 681-700.

[6] Turker, Duygu. "Global Challenges: Aligning Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Goals." In Managing Social Responsibility, pp. 161-176. Springer, Cham, 2018.

[7] Sparrow, Robert, and Mark Howard. "When human beings are like drunk robots: Driverless vehicles, ethics, and the future of transport." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 80 (2017): 206-215.

[8] Arkin, Ronald C. "Ethics and Autonomous Systems: Perils and Promises [Point of View]." Proceedings of the IEEE 104, no. 10 (2016): 1779-1781.