Mgt702 Managing People - Free Assessment Answers

• Great man theory:This theory explains that successful leaders are born with the necessary skills that will help them to flourish. They are born with the characteristics like confidence, intelligence, charisma, and necessary social skills, which make them the natural born leaders. The great man theory explains that these skills cannot be taught or learnt by observation (Cherry 2012).
• Trait theory:The great man theory and the trait theory are quite similar. The trait theory explains that to be a successful leader an individual must have some of the unique traits or qualities that helps them to manage effectively. Traits are often identified as the behavioural characteristics shared by the leaders. An individual may contain lots of traits for example, good communication skill, confidence, good managerial skills. this theory says that an individual is born with these traits, which helps them in becoming successful in the industry (Colbert et al. 2012).
• Contingency theory:Contingency theory of leadership emphasizes on some of the particular variables, which are related to environment (Waters 2013). This leadership theory explains that no particular leadership style is perfect and it depends on the situation. This theory explains that the success not only depends on the leadership style but it also depends on the quality of the followers and the present situation of the environment. Assessing the current situation of the organization can help in leading and directing the members of the organization.
• Situational theory:This theory explains that the leaders choose the best actions depending on the situational variables.  Different leadership style can be appropriate for specific decision making. For example, if there is a situation where the leader is experience and knowledgeable member in the group, then the authoritarian style of leadership will suit the organization. The situational theory says that an individual should assess the market effectively (McCleskey 2014).
• Behavioural theory:this leadership style explains that successful leaders are made not born. The action of the leaders made them successful in the organization. The main focus of this leadership theory is on the action of the leader than the internal states or the mental quality. According to the behavioural theory, people can learn how to be great leader by observation and teachings. This theory explains that the leader can learn by observing the working of others and analysing where are they making their mistakes (Hogg, Knippenberg and Rast 2012).
• Participative theory: This theory explains that the most effective leadership style is the one in which all the employee and the key members of the organization comes under the one roof and takes decision. The participative leaders encourage the employees to participate and contribute so that they can share their ideas and do not feel that they have no importance in the organization. This helps the organization by providing lots of knowledge and also helps them to motivate their employees. The participative leadership style helps in motivating the customer and this leadership style improves the production of the organization (Arnold and Loughlin 2013).

Leadership style of Tim Cook: 

Leadership style is one of the key factors that influences the success and growth of the organization. It is necessary to identify, which leadership style will be perfect for the organization’s growth and should research whether there is all the resources that will help the organization in implementing the leadership style. Tim Cook is one of the key figures when it comes to leadership. After the demise of Steve Jobs, Cook led Apple to many milestones and came up with products that helped them in expanding their business all over the world.

Rather than staying in the complete contrast of the former CEO of Apple Steve Jobs, Cook appeared to be having adopted a leadership style, which is the blend of the different leadership style followed by the different leaders. There was a high level of criticism and everyone thought that Tim Cook was missing the bold visionary of the former Apple CEO, Steve Jobs. However, he established his own style of leading Apple. Tim Cook is often described as thoughtful and charismatic by the Apple Inc. employees. Instead of following the legacy of Steve Jobs and adopting the autocratic leadership style, Tim cook focused on his strengths and adopted the democratic leadership style. This leadership style helps in the building consensus among the higher level of employees. Democratic leadership style is also known as the participative leadership style. In which the leaders open the door for other employees to share ideas in the decision making process, this helps in gathering lots of ideas and which can help the management to make accurate operational decisions. This leadership style helps in understanding everyone’s views, which reduce the risks of misunderstanding among the employees and also helps in reducing the communication gap between the management and the employees. This management style helps in reducing the conflict. Researchers have shown that the most effective leadership style among all other leadership style is the democratic leadership style. This leadership style has helped Apple in bringing innovative product ideas in their devices. Under the tenure of Cook, Apple has brought some of the greatest Apple product for example, Iphone X, Apple watch, Air Pods, Air power. Iphone X is one of the best smartphones that is trending in the market. It is Apple’s first bezel less smartphones (Agarwal, Atasu and Ittersum 2015). Apart from this Apple watch has also gathered the attention of the customer. These are some of the products that helped Apple in gaining such a large number of market shares.

Leadership lessons from Tim Cook:

• Take risks:Tim Cook thinks that taking risks is important in order to get success. According to him, taking risks can lead an individual to fail sometimes, but without failure there can be no success. Cook has taken many risks with their products for example when he removed the fingerprint ID and introduced the face ID, which is accurate and more secured (Ertac and Gurdal 2012).
• Diversity:Tim Cook is a leader who believed in innovation and thinks that he needs employees who are innovative and can provide different insight. Cook helps the employees to bring the best out of them, which is one of the traits of a successful leader.  
• Listen attentively:Tim Cook believes and follows that the leader should be quite and attentive towards what others are saying. Cook has been successful because of his nature and listening skills. This has helped them in bringing innovative ideas, which helped Apple in earning the market share (Doody and Noonan 2013).
• Trust is necessary:Tim Cook is an effective leader because of his unique skill of trusting the voices and the opinion of the team he is working with. He is lucky enough to get so many successful executives around him who will help him in sharing the workload of the organization. He understands that these executives are talented people with brilliant and innovative ideas and often allows these people to take the centre stage while discussing ideas (Tschannen-Moran 2014).
• Admit the wrongs: A successful leader is the one who admit when he is wrong. Tim Cook believes that admitting the wrongs can help the organisation in solving many issues and reduce the conflicts in the organization.
• Believe in yourself:For becoming a successful leader an individual should believe in himself. A leader should believe in his instinct and should believe that whatever he is going to do will help in getting success. Tim cook has a tremendous amount of self belief. For example, when the stock of the Apple was falling, Cook forfeited upto 1/3^rd of the stock based on the compensation which was then amounted as $130 million (Lipkin and Haddad 2018).

Conclusion:

Leadership is the art of directing, managing and influencing the behaviour of the employee to achieve the desired result within the allotted time. Leadership is the most important factor, which also influences the production of the organization and helps to run the organization smoothly. Without effective leadership the organization will fail to deliver the expected results and will affect the organization. The selected leader in this assignment is Tim Cook. Tim cook is the present CEO of Apple. After the demise of Steve jobs the founder of Apple Inc. Cook led Apple to a remarkable position and helped them to gain a huge market share. There are many leadership theories which explain the leadership in different ways. The trait theory is one of the famous theories, which explains that a leader is born with some specific traits that help them to be successful in the market. This theory explains that the leadership cannot be taught. On the other hand the behavioural theory explains that the earned by observing. Cook uses the democratic leadership style which is also known as the participative leadership style. In this style of leadership all the members are free to share their ideas in the organization. This leadership style has proved to be the most effective leadership style. There are some lessons which we can learn from Tim cook that will prove to be fruitful for managing the organization. For example, a leader must be able to take risks, listen attentively in the organization, admit when he is wrong and etc.

References:

Agrawal, V.V., Atasu, A. and Van Ittersum, K., 2015. Remanufacturing, third-party competition, and consumers' perceived value of new products. Management Science, 61(1), pp.60-72.

Arnold, K.A. and Loughlin, C., 2013. Integrating transformational and participative versus directive leadership theories: Examining intellectual stimulation in male and female leaders across three contexts. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(1), pp.67-84.

Cherry, K., 2012. The great man theory of leadership. Retrieved, 6(25), p.2012.

Colbert, A.E., Judge, T.A., Choi, D. and Wang, G., 2012. Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), pp.670-685.

Crawford, M., 2012. Solo and distributed leadership: Definitions and dilemmas. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(5), pp.610-620.

Waters, R., 2013. The role of stewardship in leadership: Applying the contingency theory of leadership to relationship cultivation practices of public relations practitioners. Journal of Communication Management, 17(4), pp.324-340.

Doody, O. and Noonan, M., 2013. Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data.

Ertac, S. and Gurdal, M.Y., 2012. Deciding to decide: Gender, leadership and risk-taking in groups. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), pp.24-30.

Hogg, M.A., van Knippenberg, D. and Rast III, D.E., 2012. The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), pp.258-304.

Hunter, S.T., Cushenbery, L., Fairchild, J. and Boatman, J., 2012. Partnerships in leading for innovation: A dyadic model of collective leadership. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), pp.424-428.

Lipkin, J. and Haddad, R., 2018. “Be Fierce, Believe in Yourself, and Find Your People” A Roundtable Discussion about Disability and Performance. Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies, 12(2), pp.221-238.

McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), p.117.