MGMT5603 : Transnational Strategy : Global and International Strategie

Literature Review of Translational Strategy 

The translational strategy is about the new smallness of the world which allows the brands and companies to expand at the global footprint with selling the goods and services. This takes into account the cultural and the different societal differences that takes the shapes of the consumers for the nativ environment (Meyer & Su, 2015). It is seen that there is no entering of a global marketplace without a plan till there is an understanding of the market differences between the company. The conflict demands for the forces for globalization which achieving the global efficiencies with response to local differences. The globalization process creates the interlinking and interdependent economies in international business environment which is propelled through by lowering or removing the trading and tariff barriers with opening up to the national economies (Henriksen & Seabrooke, 2016). The globalization, then compels the formation of regional strategic alliances for protecting the countries from economic and technological factors that leads to levering the competitive advantage.

Strategy that can help MNC to deal with conflicting demands 

Environmental Context 

There are different environmental challenges which are related to the achieving of global efficiency with response to local differences. There is a need to develop and diffuse the innovative products and processes that will help in handling the increased marketing access. The regionalization reduces the barriers of country with greater commoditization of products and services (Overdevest & Zeitlin, 2014). The convergence of consumer tastes with de-regulation reducing barriers of trading and investment. The forces of globalization also includes the reducing of barriers between different parts of industry like banking, insurance, pensions with supplier-merger between specialist firms (Whitaker, Ekman & Thompson, 2017). The globalization refers to the trading and investment where there are technological developments that have been increased with international communication (Verbeke & Asmussen, 2016).

How MNE response

The global strategy involves the higher degree of concentration with different resources and capabiliites which are for exploiting the potential scale and the learning economy. The customizations are done at a local level which is low and the multidomestic strategy represents how the resources are dispersed throughout the different countries where the firm has been doing the business. MNE looks for the technological forces with increased costs of research and development (Luxmore & Hull, 2018). It leads to shortening of life cycles for new technologies and products. The competitive forces are increased with internal importance and pressure that leads to creating and diffusing the innovation. The strategies of MNE are based on global, multinational, international and transnational strategy where the pressures for the local responsiveness are measured effectively (Kinght, 2016).

How MNE realize the strategies 

Considering the transnational strategy, the firm situations focus on high pressures for global scale efficiency and local responsiveness where there are opportunities to focus on the high pressures for global scale with creating a facilitation of global learning like MTV or Unilever. The strategy allows the attaining of benefits which are for the adaptation to different environmental situations that helps in achieving the flexibility and capitalizing the knowledge flows as well (Breunig, Kvålshaugen, R. and Hydle, 2014). The management approach is about integrating the global business activities through cooperation and then focusing on joint innovation with some of overseas unit leads for development of relatively standardized and flexible products and services. The structure helps in following the strategy where the implication is that the translational strategy works with the combination or the hybrid strategy between the global and the multidomestic strategies (Joossens & Gilmore, 2014). The combinations are based on handling strategic alliances with the customers, suppliers and the business partners for saving the time and capital.

Subsidiary Roles

The subsidiary roles for the degree of localization includes the field commander, network contributors and implementers who have a higher local entrepreneur role. The focus is on how the people tend to face the lower pressure of integration and localization, where the exploitation of parent company knowledge and capabilities leads to minimum adaptation of the product and technology. It leads to keeping the costs low with maintaining operational consistency as well (Jasimuddin & Maniruzzaman, 2016).

There are subsidiaries for the local entrepreneurs with the lower pressure of integration and higher pressure of localization. The differentiation is based on the products and services for serving the local needs with key resources that are acquired locally. There are roles where the local market information is input into the HQ strategy development where there are execution of the vertical coordination with the HQ and no or little coordination with other subsidiaries (Bliuc, McGarty, Badea & Boza, 2018). The network contributor tends to focus on coordinating the roles where there are frequent change of information, material and personnel. The network decision making with leverage dispersed network assets helps in managing the different problems of the company (Healey, 2015).

MNE structure Design 

Agency Theory: This is when there are delegates with some rights to an agent who are bounded by the formal and the informal contract for representing the principals interest in return. The problems and the costs are for the principal for maximizing the differences between the values that it receives as a result when there are agent actions and the payments it makes to the agent. There are implications of aligning the behavior of subsidiaries with controlling the market contract and then working on the international strategy with transferring core competencies overseas (Studzieniecki, 2016). The global strategy realize about the scale economies with transnational strategy that emphasizes on the local responsiveness with multinational strategy focusing on the pressures which are high.

International Strategy with International Division includes the different global matrix structure where the countries are involved in handling the balance by pursuing the distributed strategy with the hybrid of centralized and decentralized stages (Waterval, Frambach, Driessen & Scherpbier, 2015). The transnational model with the multinational corporation assets and capabilities are set with beneficial locations for specific activities. The transnational firms have a higher degree of coordination with low control that is dispersed in the organization. There is a need to implement the model through the mass customization synergies through global research and development like Frito-Lay, MCI and American Express (He, 2016). The global sourcing and logistics are for Benetton with intelligence and information resources like Andersen Consulting etc (Caruana & Montgomery, 2015). With the changing times, there have been positive associations in between the transitional marketing strategies and performance where the improvements tend to result from efficiencies which are from global integration and flexibility inherent (Román and Hamann, 2014) 

MNE control mechanism design

The control mechanisms are for the global product structure where there are international divisions with foreign product diversity that holds the percentage of total sales. The designing is based on the MNE control mechanisms where there are bureaucratic controls to check on opportunism with performance management and output control (Reese, 2015). There are policies that are set with different procedures and practices that helps in cultural control with check on shared parent value. The taxonomy is based on exemplifying the trends towards the cross-national mergers which leads to the firms to mainly consider about the different headquarters. There are operations which helps in bringing the benefit for the new markets and the resources. The global consumer have the firm appearance to be implementing a transnational strategy with centralization decisions that are based on value chain activities (Knight, 2016).

There are different comprehensive taxonomy of translational strategy where there are configurations of value chain activities with different geographical dispersal of firm value components. The coordination and centralization is for the strategic alliances with market integration that refers to the parent corporation views which are important for the single compeititve arena. There have been trends which are set for the cross-national mergers which leads the firms to mainly consider about the future (Verbeke & Asmussen, 2016). The management of flexible network units is set with facilitating the information and the knowledge flows between the units (Alberti, 2014). The operations help in bringing the benefits to access the new markets and opportunities to utilize and develop the resources effectively.

Global Strategy

The firm making use of the global strategy is set with the local requirements where the markets are in favor to emphasize on the efficiency. The strategy is completely opposite to the multi-domestic strategy where there are modifications to products and services which are made in various markets. The company, Microsoft, offers a smaller software program to adjust the programs and match with the local languages (Morris, Snell & Bjorkman, 2016). The consumer goods like the P& G attempts to gain efficiency through creating a global brand whenever it is possible for them. The models are determined with advantage over the local business where there are large and well-sourced business that can enter the market efficiently. The strategy is employed with assessing the demands for the specific products in a market without-competing the local vendors through use of efficiencies that is created over the time. The production and the supply chain advantages with marketing makes the transnational more effective than the local business with limited operating capital (Barglowski, Bilecen & Amelina, 2015). There are extraction industries which are working on advancement of technologies and processes to operate effectively more than the localized mining and drilling operations.

Conclusion: 

The global consumers need to work with handling the implementation of a transnational strategy with making centralization decisions for value chain activities. The closer the consumer in branding, pricing and communication, the more is the possibility to decentralize (Tulung, 2017).

Key points 

The translational strategy is for attaining the benefits that are inherent in the global and multidomestic strategies. The components are integrated with overall corporate structure where the specialized innovation includes the management approach with global business activities set through close cooperation. The more the deal is with production, logistics and supply chain management, the more centralized decision making it becomes.

Arguments 

There are different theories where the firm is making use of the multidomestic strategy where there are sacrifice efficiency in favor of emphasizing on the responsiveness to the local requirements. MTV focus on customizing the programs that are shown on its channels in different countries like New Zealand, Pakistan and India.

References:

Articles

Ambler, K., 2015. Don't tell on me: Experimental evidence of asymmetric information in transnational households. Journal of development Economics, 113, pp.52-69.

Bliuc, A.M., McGarty, C., Badea, C. and Boza, M., 2018. Enacting collective support for the European integration: Participation in pro?integration action and preference for specific transnational acculturation strategies. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 28(1), pp.15-28.

Breunig, K.J., Kvålshaugen, R. and Hydle, K.M., 2014. Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms. Journal of world business, 49(4), pp.502-511.

Filatotchev, I. and Stahl, G.K., 2015. Towards transnational CSR. Corporate social responsibility approaches and governance solutions for multinational corporations. Organizational Dynamics, 44(2), pp.121-129.

He, L., 2016. Transnational higher education institutions in China: A comparison of policy orientation and reality. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(1), pp.79-95.

Healey, N.M., 2015. Towards a risk-based typology for transnational education. Higher Education, 69(1), pp.1-18.

Henriksen, L.F. and Seabrooke, L., 2016. Transnational organizing: Issue professionals in environmental sustainability networks. Organization, 23(5), pp.722-741.

Jasimuddin, S.M. and Maniruzzaman, M., 2016. Resource nationalism specter hovers over the oil industry: The transnational corporate strategy to tackle resource nationalism risks. Journal of Applied Business Research, 32(2), p.387.

Joossens, L. and Gilmore, A.B., 2014. The transnational tobacco companies’ strategy to promote Codentify, their inadequate tracking and tracing standard. Tobacco control, 23(e1), pp.e3-e6.

Knight, J., 2016. Transnational education remodeled: Toward a common TNE framework and definitions. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(1), pp.34-47.

Luxmore, S.R. and Hull, C.E., 2018. Are Non-Profits Better at Adopting a Transnational Strategy Than For-Profits? How Environments Affect the Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and the United States. Contemporary Management Research, 14(3), pp.225-252.

Meyer, K.E. and Su, Y.S., 2015. Integration and responsiveness in subsidiaries in emerging economies. Journal of World Business, 50(1), pp.149-158.

Morris, S., Snell, S. and Björkman, I., 2016. An architectural framework for global talent management. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(6), pp.723-747.

Overdevest, C. and Zeitlin, J., 2014. Assembling an experimentalist regime: Transnational governance interactions in the forest sector. Regulation & governance, 8(1), pp.22-48.

Román, N.A.C. and Hamann, E.T., 2014. College dreams à la Mexicana… agency and strategy among American-Mexican transnational students. Latino Studies, 12(2), pp.237-258.

Studzieniecki, T., 2016. The development of cross-border cooperation in an EU macroregion–a case study of the Baltic Sea Region. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, pp.235-241.

Verbeke, A. and Asmussen, C.G., 2016. Global, local, or regional? The locus of MNE strategies. Journal of Management Studies, 53(6), pp.1051-1075.

Waterval, D.G., Frambach, J.M., Driessen, E.W. and Scherpbier, A.J., 2015. Copy but not paste: A literature review of crossborder curriculum partnerships. Journal of Studies in International Education, 19(1), pp.65-85.

Whitaker, J., Ekman, P. and Thompson, S., 2017. How multinational corporations use information technology to manage global operations. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 57(2), pp.112-122.

Periodicals

Alberti, G., 2014. Mobility strategies,‘mobility differentials’ and ‘transnational exit’: the experiences of precarious migrants in London’s hospitality jobs. Work, employment and society, 28(6), pp.865-881. Available at<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0950017014528403>

Barglowski, K., Bilecen, B. and Amelina, A., 2015. Approaching transnational social protection: Methodological challenges and empirical applications. Population, Space and Place, 21(3), pp.215-226. Available at:< https://www.academia.edu/download/46785302/methodology_social_protection.pdf>

Caruana, V. and Montgomery, C., 2015. Understanding the transnational higher education landscape: Shifting positionality and the complexities of partnership. Learning and Teaching, 8(1), pp.5-29. Avaiable at:< https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/1429/2/Caruana%20and%20Montogmery%20V3%20with%20author%20changes%20accepted%20030115.pdf>

Reese, S.D., 2015. Globalization of mediated spaces: The case of transnational environmentalism in China. International Journal of Communication, 9, p.19. Available at:https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/3849/1428

Tulung, J.E., 2017. Resource Availability and Firm’s International Strategy as Key Determinants Of Entry Mode Choice. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(1), pp.160-168. Available at< https://jurnaljam.ub.ac.id/index.php/jam/article/view/916>