Mg6103 Engineering Management Principles:Estimation Of Assessment Answers
Refer to the attached parking lot drawing, using the Light Duty Asphalt structure cross section to
calculate the elevation of the subgrade, calculate the cut and fill required for Grid# 1 to# 4 using the 4-corner method.
Assume an average of 250mm of topsoil is to be removed prior to any construction.
Answer:
Estimation of Earthwork Cut and Fill Volumes
This assignment involves estimating cut and fill volumes of four grids provided on topographical plan of a given site. There is an assumption that an average of 250 mm of topsoil has to be unearthed on the site before any construction work can start. This means that the four grids will have an obligatory cut depth of 250 mm. This cut may have been recommended so as to make the ground more stable after realizing that the topsoil as it is may not provide the required ground or surface stability for the structure to be built on it. The cut and fill volumes are calculated using four-corner method. This method is also referred to as grid method. The general procedure is to determine the proposed and existing levels at each corner of the four grids. The difference between existing and proposed level is determined at each of the four corners and then averaged. The average cut or fill depth is then multiplied by the area of the grid to get the cut or fill volume of that particular grid (Engineers Daily, 2014). The proposed elevations are determined by finding the average of multiple topographical elevations provided by J.L. Richards & Associated Limited.
For example, calculation of proposed elevation for corner 1 of grid 1 is as follows:
The calculation of elevation difference at the corners of the four grids is shown in Table 1 below
Table 1: Calculation of elevation difference
|
|
Elevation difference (Existing level – proposed level | |||
|
Corner |
Grid #1 |
Grid #2 |
Grid $3 |
Grid #4 |
|
Corner 1 |
91.612 m – 91.77 m = -0.158 m |
91.667 m – 91.81 m = -0.143 m |
91.657 m – 91.85 m = -0.193 m |
91.60 m – 91.70 m = -0.100 m |
|
Corner 2 |
91.667 m – 91.81 m = -0.143 m |
91.657 m – 91.85 m = -0.193 m |
91.785 m – 91.89 m = -0.105 m |
91.642 m – 91.75 m = -0.108 m |
|
Corner 3 |
91.728 m – 91.83 m = -0.102 m |
91.762 m – 91.87 m = -0.108 m |
91.848 m – 91.91 m = -0.062 m |
91.612 m – 91.77 m = -0.158 m |
|
Corner 4 |
91.762 m – 91.87 m = -0.108 m |
91.848 m – 91.91 m = -0.062 m |
91.804 m – 91.95 m = -0.146 m |
91.667 m – 91.81 m = -0.143 m |
The values obtained in the table above are then used to determine average depth of each grid. Since the difference between existing level and proposed level at each corner is negative, it means that the volume in each grid is fill. The calculation of average depth, area and cut/fill volume for each grid is as shown in Table 2 below
Table 2: Calculation of cut and fill area, average height and volume
|
Sketches |
Ordinates |
Area |
Average Ht. |
Volume | |
|
|
Cut |
Fill | |||
|
Grid #1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area: 40 m x 40 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= 0.128 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.128 m |
|
204.8 m3 |
|
Avg. cut depth = 0.25 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.25 m |
400 m3 |
|
|
Grid #2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area: 40 m x 40 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= 0.127 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.127 m |
|
203.2 m3 |
|
Avg. cut depth = 0.25 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.25 m |
400 m3 |
|
|
Grid #3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area: 40 m x 40 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= 0.127 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.127 m |
|
203.2 m3 |
|
Avg. cut depth = 0.25 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.25 m |
400 m3 |
|
|
Grid #4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area: 40 m x 40 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= 0.127 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.127 m |
|
203.2 m3 |
|
Avg. cut depth = 0.25 m |
|
1,600 m2 |
0.25 m |
400 m3 |
|
The summary showing total cut and fill volumes of different grids is shown in Table 3 below
Table 3: Total cut and fill volumes
|
Grid Number |
Fill Volume |
Cut Volume |
|
Grid Number 1 |
204.8 m3 |
400 m3 |
|
Grid Number 2 |
203.2 m3 |
400 m3 |
|
Grid Number 3 |
203.2 m3 |
400 m3 |
|
Grid Number 4 |
203.2 m3 |
400 m3 |
|
Total |
814.4 m3 |
1,600 m3 |
The calculations above show that the volume of cut is greater than the volume of fill. Looking at these values, it shows that there will be surplus soil on site. Knowing cut and fill volumes (earthwork) helps the contractor to plan where to dispose the surplus soil (New Building Material & Construction World, 2012). If the cut soil meets the required properties of fill material, it can be used as fill before disposing the surplus soil material.
References
Engineers Daily. (2014, April 1). Calculation of Cut and Fill Using the Grid Method. Retrieved from Engineers Daily: https://www.engineersdaily.com/2014/04/calculation-of-cut-and-fill-using-grid-method.html
New Building Material & Construction World. (2012, September 24). Construction Site Earthwork Calculation. Retrieved from NBM&CW:https://www.nbmcw.com/equipments/surveying-testing-equipments/29427-construction-site-earthwork-calculation.html
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