MC237 Food Science and Technology : Freezing Characteristics

l-Platt, n.d.). The underutilization of the saddle tail snapper is influenced by the reputation as the texturally tough fish to consume. The tough fish syndrome is basically reported in the saddle tail snapper to find the underutilization reasons based on texture analysis. The texture analysis was performed on the sample of saddle tail snapper fish. It has the textural firmness that ranges between the 49 mill joules. The analysis of saddle tail snapper is used to contribute the knowledge in the preparation of saddle tail snapper to reduce the rubber consistency of the fish. It also provides the saddle tail texture characteristics by using the various crumbs (Graham, 2009). It enhanced the utilization of the underutilized the saddle tail snappers. These are expected to increase the consumption of saddle tail snappers in Australia. The saddle tail snappers are learned, filleted and gutted in the laboratory. It requires many materials to provide the excellent flavor. It also requires the batter preparation for saddle tail snapper fillets.

To ensure the health benefits by consuming the underutilized saddle tail fishes. So, the saddle tail snapper provides high protein and nutrition. The Saddle nail snappers basically has the freezing characteristics of the muscle.  It has important aspects for the preparation of saddle tail underutilization ("Saddletail snapper (large-mouth nannygai)", 2017). Some saddle tail snapper requires the thermal treatment during the fishing because it was not a significant predictor of the development of toughness. It does not maintain the ambient temperatures. If the saddle tail snapper use different freezing temperatures, it provides the texture effects. So, it has influenced the negative consumer attitude. However, the saddle tail snapper analysis leads to improve the likeability of this underutilized fish. The transformation of the fish into a consumer favorite will be achieved by using different crumbs and battering. The baking method is preferred to other cooking methods. The saddle tail snapper was very popular seafood into a consumer by crumbing and battering with different crumbs ("Tropical snappers and seaperches", 2017). The saddle tail snapper fillets were optimized by coating three different crumbs, freezing process and determine the freezing characteristics. The saddle tail snapper fillets provides the sufficient amount of moisture contents, ash content, protein, fat and texture force by using the battering the crumbing. The battering of the crumbing activity was shown in below.

Saddle tail Snapper fillets analysis

Proximate Composition	Raw	Crumbed			Baked
		Coles	Panko	Krummies	Coles		Panko	Krummies
Moisture	29.75	40.93	54.31	57.89	63.29		69.84	48.90
Ash	0.85	0.03	0.03	0.04	1.88		3.39	0.48
Fat	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03		0.05	0.01
Protein	1.31	0.77	1.11	1.35	1.37		1.75	1.18
Texture Force A (g)	588.50	454	628.50	545		1409.75	1010.75	1243

In saddle tail snapper analysis, the ash content was determined by using the ash of flour direct method ("Lutjanus malabaricus", 2017). The ash content was used to provide the flavor and spices for the saddle tail snappers. The protein, texture forces are crumbed and baked by using the crumbing methods. It also used to provide the excellent flavor for saddle tail snapper. The protein content and the ash content of the saddle tail snappers are also helpful for heaths. 

Batter Pickup (%)

Baked Coles Breadcrumbs	Baked Panko	Baked Krummies
52.78	50.88	59.32

The saddle tail snappers have high batter pickup based on baked Coles bread crumbs, Panko and Krummies ("Saddletail Snapper · Australia's Sustainable Seafood Guide", 2017). The Baked Coles bread crumbs has 52.78% of the batter pick up. The baked Panko has 50.88% of the batter pick up and baked Krummies has 59.32% of batter pickup. The batter pickup was used to provide the flavour of saddle tail snappers.

 Water activity (a_w)

Raw	Coles Breadcrumbs	Panko	Krummies
0.966	0.964	0.964	0.965

The water activity is based on frozen fillets in freezer in overnight. The saddle tail snapper water activity is used to provide the excellent flavor and spices ("SADDLE TAIL SEA PERCH | SNAPPER Photos, Info, Catch, Cook, Buy", 2017). The Raw saddle tail snapper has the measurement of water activity is 0.966. The Coles bread crumbs has the measurement of water activity is 0.964, Panko has the water activity measurement of is 0.964 and Krummies has the measurement of water activity is 0.965. T

 Drip loss (%)

Raw	Coles Breadcrumbs	Panko	Krummies
4.17	2.43	1.89	2.11

The drip loss is used to note the weight of the frozen fillets in a refrigerator at a temperature 5 degree Celsius. The Raw saddle tail snapper has the drip losses is 4.17%, Coles bread crumbs has the 2.43% of drip losses, Ponko has the 1.89 % of the drip losses and Krummies has the 2.11% of drip losses.

Also the saddle tail snapper needs to change the microbiological numbers during the storage at 4 degree Celsius ("Saddletail Snapper 2016", 2017). It is observed for cod fillets and vacuum packing’s. It did not limit the growth of bacterial. It has the lower initial mesophilic aerobic bacteria during the microbiological analysis. It has differences in microbiological levels related to the initial composition based on the harvest storage situation, water temperature and handling. It uses spoilage techniques to observe the whole fish fillets. The seafood deteriorate are observed by using the lower storage temperatures as fast as 4 degree Celsius. It increases the haddock fillets growth rates. The saddle tail snapper was presented the lowest bacterial increase the end of the period ("Snapper - Saddletail | HUMANE KILLING OF FISH - FRESHWATER - ESTUARY - OFFSHORE Maximum quality, minimum fuss.", 2017). It does not require the significant difference among the different fillet species during the overall storage. It constitutes a major portion of the microbial composition of spoiling fish. It has the sulphide to produce the bacteria level in higher level. It was observing the sea salmon and sardine to decrease the bacteria level. It also has the sulphide producing bacteria to indicate the fish spoilages. It is suitable for saddle tails snapper at ambient temperature. The saddle tail snapper was able to grow the synergism and antagonism to produce the various spoilage metabolites. It is used to show the similar microbial deterioration during the storage ("Saddletail snapper - NT.GOV.AU", 2017).

Total volatile basic nitrogen measures the content of ammonia, it presents the TMA, and DMA in fish. The saddle tail snapper species were in the range of 20.44 to 27.44 mg/100 mg initially and increased to 28.56 to 58.52 mg/100 mg after 5-days storage at 4 degree Celsius. It is suggested that the quality classification of fish and the products of fish based on TVB-N as high quality up to 25mg/100 g. The predominantly Australasian species, of the species studied here only the Atlantic salmon is included in the EU document ("Lutjanus malabaricus summary page", 2017). TVB-N values above the highest EU limit of acceptability were found for saddle tail snapper after 5-days storage at 4 degree Celsius.  It has to be described that during spoilage the PH may increase, because of the production of the volatile. The other factor the PH value is not always a good predictor. In contrast to some salmon species, in which ultimate PH is 6.2, it is found that the spoilage was present in different PH levels. The change of sensory attributes of the saddle snapper species fillets during storage at 4’c. This demonstrates different rates of quality deterioration between the fish species. The freshness and of the fish in general shows a clear correlation with the QIA tool. The dry components are evaluated by flavor and odor in fillets of saddle snapper.

The raw fillet quality assessment measures the information about the saddle snapper. The quality index established methodologies may be an alternative quality measures and microbiological measures. The sensory evolution methods such as QIA and Torry scheme have been used to evaluate the shelf life of the fish. The sensory acceptance of seafood observed the microbiological reference limit (Fuentes-Amaya, Munyard, Fernandez-Piquer & Howieson, 2017). The different microbiological media used for fish fillets assessment were plotted against the QIA scores. The freshness of   deterioration is a complex event of the biochemical and microbial interactions. The further investigation is done on the bacterial and chemical composition of the different fish fillets species. It helps to understand the better quality deterioration. The analysis of saddle tail snapper includes the sensory analysis. It is used to show the decrease in quality. It is chemically used to increase the pH value, but trim ethylamine level which is remained low. The Total volatile basic nitrogen levels was increased over time and reaching the levels above the 35mg/100g for saddle tail snappers. It also shows the deterioration of saddle tail snapper fillet quality which is a complex event of microbial factors and multiple analysis and it is required to define the acceptability. The saddle tail snapper has the chemical indices to evaluate the fish quality deterioration including the total volatile basic nitrogen and trim ethylamine. These two deteriorations are used to measure the overall volatile nitrogen present in the saddle tail snapper and this is the focus on the reduction of the trim ethylamine oxide.

Finally the analysis of saddle tail snapper fillets is used to provide the quality measurements of saddle tail snapper. The freshness in packed fillets of saddle tail snappers is determined. It increases the TVB-N levels and determines the quality and loss of saddle tail snapper freshness. It is important to combine the quality of attributes and correlate them with battering and crumbing method. It is most important method to monitor the effect of the storage conditions of saddle tail snapper freshness.

References

Campbell-Platt, G. Food science and technology.

Fuentes-Amaya, L., Munyard, S., Fernandez-Piquer, J., & Howieson, J. (2017). Sensory, Microbiological and Chemical Changes in Vacuum-Packaged Blue Spotted Emperor (Lethrinus sp), Saddletail Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus), Crimson Snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus), Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fill. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from

Graham, I. (2009). Food technology. Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media.

Lutjanus malabaricus. (2017). Fishesofaustralia.net.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/561

Lutjanus malabaricus summary page. (2017). FishBase. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=162&AT=Saddle-tail+snapper

Morris, N. (2012). Food technology. London: Raintree.

SADDLE TAIL SEA PERCH | SNAPPER Photos, Info, Catch, Cook, Buy. (2017). Sea-ex.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.sea-ex.com/fishphotos/perch,1.htm

Saddletail Snapper 2016. (2017). Fish.gov.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://fish.gov.au/report/52-Saddletail-Snapper-2016?jurisdictionId=2

Saddletail snapper - NT.GOV.AU. (2017). Nt.gov.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://nt.gov.au/marine/recreational-fishing/fish-species/saddletail-snapper

Saddletail snapper (large-mouth nannygai). (2017). Daf.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/reef-fish/tropical-snappers-and-seaperches/saddletail-snapper-large-mouth-nannygai

Saddletail Snapper · Australia's Sustainable Seafood Guide. (2017). Sustainableseafood.org.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.sustainableseafood.org.au/fish.php/1/79/saddletail-snapper

Snapper - Saddletail | HUMANE KILLING OF FISH - FRESHWATER - ESTUARY - OFFSHORE Maximum quality, minimum fuss.. (2017). Ikijime.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.ikijime.com/fish/saddletail-snapper/

Tropical snappers and seaperches. (2017). Daf.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/reef-fish/tropical-snappers-and-seaperches