MBA8000 : Emotional Contagion Study An Ethical Interpretation : Fundam

Answer: 

Introduction:

Social media is considered as one of the fundamental networking mediums that connect people and users from across the globe. It had been apparent that the positive feeds from one group of users would place a strong impact on the emotional quotient of the other relative posts that were splashed on the Facebook timeline. In the light of the above discussion, it can be stated that another social networking site, Ninja. In this research design it has been explain that the social media is found as one of the important networking mediums which associate the people and the users from all over the world. This can be an evidentiary fact that the content are being posted through the people on the social media sites lay an indelible impact on the emotional state of other relation users. It has been noted that the facebook acted a cynical role in changing the news feed and in that way inclined the natural and instant emotions of its user. The users who had relied on the social site to express their feelings were surprised with it destructive act of information and news feed running out. In this research design it can be stated the other social networking site Ninja also makes strategy to conduct the research in order to map their capacity in managing and controlling the emotional state of the users.

Literature Review

Social media is considered as one of the fundamental networking mediums that connect people and users from across the globe(Cohen and Lancaster,2014). It has been an evidentiary fact that the content that is being posted by individuals on the social media sites lay an indelible impact on the emotional state of other relative users. Considering the experimentation conducted on the Facebook manipulation of 2014, it has been visible that the world’s biggest social networking is being convicted of manoeuvring the news feed of its users to exploit the emotional contagion(Lin et al.2014). The conjecture was drawn on the hypothetical annotation of the Facebook’s attempt to tamper the timeline posts of its users in order to extract its impactful presence on others(Seabrook et al.2016).

It had been apparent that the positive feeds from one group of users would place a strong impact on the emotional quotient of the other relative posts that were splashed on the Facebook timeline. In addition to this, it had been noted that Facebook played a cynical role in tweaking the news feed and thereby influenced the instinctive and instantaneous emotions of its user. The users who had relied on the social site to express their feelings were shocked with it pernicious act of data and news feed exploitation (Krasnova et al.2015).

Hence, this manipulating activity of Facebook was considered abysmal and unethical. Approximately 700,000 users data and posts were tampered and tweaked for selfish motives(Ary et al.2018). The Facebook team of researchers designed such a research modality to analyse the impact of Facebook power on its users and map their capability to distort the emotional state of them. According to Dijkmans et al.(2015), this was an act of defamation and degradation by probably the biggest social networking site.  

In the light of the above discussion, it can be stated that another social networking site, Ninja also plans to conduct such a research in order to map the it’s capability in controlling and directing the emotional state of its user. The research team of the mentioned social site strives to conduct a research that is ethical in approach and is capable of conducting the operation without tweaking ir distorting facts of the timeline posts. The user privacy and emotional quotient must be kept in mind while considering the research. The ethical consideration of the research program must be reliant on few salient attributes including the user's consent and participation.

Prior to the conduction of the research program, a secured design has been selected to conduct the research proposal and plan. Since the research has been proposed by the present social networking site team, considering the impact of emotional contagion by Facebook in 2014, therefore, the team decides to fixate a correlational research design that is interconnected with the previous case analysis of Facebook. According to Lin and Utz(2015), a correlational research design is extrapolatory on the analysis of the key variables of the relative studies connected to the research ((Seabrook et al.2016)).

The present research will be conducted on the basis of its correlation and connection with the Facebook case study. However, the ethical consideration needs to be kept in mind while constituting the research plan. According to Kosinski et al.(2015), ethical consideration renders sanity and authenticity to a research report. In regards to the ethical consideration part, the present research design shall be considerate of the fundamental points mentioned in the next part of the LR.

Informed participant consent: According to Calancie et al.(2017), informed participant consent leverages the users or participants to be a part of the research program. It is one of the reliable and appreciated practices that engages significant consent from the users in order to avoid unprecedented nuances in future. In regards to the contemporary research plan and design, the reviewed social networking site must be agile in regulating the participant consent prior to conducting the  research. The respective researcher must have enough questions for the participants and offer ample time and space to share the feedback. In the words of Bazarova et al.(2015), the participants in this research program shall be well informed in order to sufficiently and rationally decide and participate in the emotional contagion

Voluntary participation and right of withdrawal without sanction: According to Song et al.(2016), research committees engage in following a secured research proposal that will allow the participants and users to voluntarily withdraw their involvements as and when they desire to. In the words of Curtis et al.(2015), once the participants offer consent to use their data and information in the research plan , an instant withdrawal is difficult. Considering the nature of the research to be conducted by the present research team, the voluntary participation and right of withdrawal must be given to the participants and users of the reviewed social networking site at all times. The researchers are expected to allow the participant acknowledgement towards the involvement. Considering the present social networking research plan on measuring the emotional quotient of the users, the leverage for voluntary participation and right to withdrawal  must be ratified.

Confidentiality of participants and records: It has been evident in the correlational study that Facebook had tampered the data and feed of its 700,000 users to assess the influence of the site on the emotional state of the users. According to Beauvais et al.(2014), that was an act of disparagement and dishonour. The reliability of the users on their favorite social site had reduced owing to its defamatory act. Hence, the act was reflective of tarnishing the confidentiality of the participant posts and records. Therefore the current research program has been carefully designed using the correlational design and ensuring the confidentiality of the participant information and record. According to Skela-Savi? and Kiger(2015) maintenance of data confidentiality is considered as the assurance of the researcher in safeguarding the users data information and posts during the research program.

Privacy and the internet: Internet privacy has become a popular and appreciated fact in recent times. With the advent of malpractices and cyber crimes of unauthentically accessing data, internet security and privacy has become a major cause of concern. The social networking sites are considered as open and vulnerable platform for unethical data hacking. Hence the present research plan must be prompt in abiding by the privacy measures in order to avoid malpractice and data theft. In the words of Mackey and Gass(2015), the ways of data security are diverse. The use of anti-virus and secured privacy settings are mandatory in safeguarding the privacy of the site. The passwords must be strong and only authentic access must have given to the users.

Codes and Policies for Research Ethics: in case of research programs that are related to data involvement and human participant, it is paramount to abide by the code and policies of research ethics. According to Bosco et al.(2015), data distortion is considered an unethical crime that cannot be repleted. A correlation case reference demonstrates the ethical differences between the Facebook manipulation of 2014 and the current research program to be conducted by the current social networking site. Therefore, the above ethical consideration needs to be kept in mind and allow the participation and involvement of the users with their respective consens. A checklist must be prepared to tixbox the addressed point of ethical consideration in the research plan. This practice can avoid the existence of unethical malpractice in the contemporary research plan.

Philosophical worldview

In this research design the philosophical worldview of the ethical interpretation on social site is showed that the compromise signifies the important basis for the method of any social knowledge (Burton, T.L. and Cherry, G.E., 2018). In between the initial logicians to obtain a concentration in the ethical consequence of social applies of the internet were phenomenological logicians of technology. If each person is unresponsively attend in spite of wherever one person is situated on the world, there no one is with authority present (Quinlan et al, 2019). The people who become present there all through a communication connection those have a reduced attendance, in view of the fact that the people can at all times make them disappear if their attendance turn into troublesome. In addition, the people can look after to the people from unwanted human being in general through applying showing devices (Humphries, B., 2017).

Methodology

Social media can be allowed quantitative measurement by qualitative data. The data such as conventional methodological limits are developing unclear when allowing for the most suitable tools for dealing with a research question. Biographical data like user profession or lifestyle behaviours, can frequently will be described and correlated statistically with particular pattern of behaviour. However, any deductions create from such study can be make stronger by a qualitative method of how users have put such data in a non-standardised way. In the example of engagement, an investigational approach could be utilized to assess the discrepancy in response to indistinguishable content, which is posted on multiple platforms. Some Combining different methods, including offline methods, can also assist to create huge contextual meaning. Such as, with Twitter hash tags as sampling criterion guides to the own-selection of cases as only users redistributing a particular phrase will be researched. In this example, approaches like network analysis or extra qualitative case studies could cooperate to establish how counterfactuals can be overlapped or increase an understanding of the use of a particular hash tag or way of the use of a specific hashtag modifications over time and between diverse groups.

According to the site, Ninja planned to conduct research to follow the ability in controlling and presenting an emotional state of its user. As a beginning point for the literature review of present social media site and microblogging research was established as early time. Thus, the decision was created to place the initial discontinue a final cut-off (Reinharz, 2017).  The objective of this research is to recognize features that decide the uses of the option by social media from a user’s perspective and to make easy the quantitative factor of social media in term of core relationship design on speculation by using social media and enhance a model from the viewpoint. This concerned a comprehensive research of demographic characteristics and psychographic issues of the user in order to understand the mixture of issues. The users take into reflection about the site and the options offered by social media as a tool to get in sequence, recognize the decision making the journey of the user and the process it has to be distorted by social media, as a tool for the user is to unite with the social media.

Sampling

According to the data collection, obtain raw data on human information behaviours need to gather for the action. About the sampling, generate access to a massive amount of data need to be easy to analyse. It has been observed that if the timestamp is obtainable, it is well to conduct a longitudinal study. For the data analysis, it needs to appreciate the contexts and need to understand language, which users use in social context (Beauvais et al. 2014). The customized dictionary needs to be developed. Customized categories for keyword searching and analysis need to be enhanced in the site. The volume of social media data needs a discussion of massive data. Huge data can be displayed to have emerged at the starting of the 21^st century from large size datasets. Some famous sites of Google, Linkedin, eBay, Facebook were created around huge data from the beginning.

The present social media site needs to generate automated technological tools to gather, and clean and analyse huge volumes of data from users. Social media needs to create population-level data. These characteristics distinguish social media is resulting in data from objects inventing from conventional research methods; these are either more intensive or time limit. The volume analysis, relationship analysis, correlations, classification, clustering and Geographical information system are varying for the sampling or data analysis.

Data collection method

There are some typical methods that Primary data is collected in this research design that the observation, surveys and experiments. It is collected through the sociologists in the time of their personal research using the technique of the research design. In this research design the voluntary participation and the users to voluntarily withdrawal their engagements. According to the environment of the research design to be conducted through the current research group need to be given to the users (Clarke, S., 2018). According to Skela-Savi? and Kiger(2015) the records of the privacy of contributors are mentioned here that there are 700.00 users to review the authority of the site on the emotional condition of the users. This study is to identify the factors which conclude the users of the potion using social media from a user’s point of view and to facilitate the measurability of social media in term of core relationship design on investment through using social. The analysed unit was a peer-reviewed journal article reporting the result of qualitative and mixed methods research study where social media played a central action. According to the site, Ninja intended to behaviour a research to follow the ability in managing and presenting a touching condition of its user (Brannen, J., 2017).

Data analysis

In this research design it is for recognize the qualitative method that moves toward used in the developing interior relationship design of social media research ((Clarke, S., 2018)). This review is explained and examines an integrative arrangement approach which attempts to concise the contents of different studies and decreases any sympathetic on the part of the reporter. The analysed component was a peer-reviewed periodical article reporting the product of qualitative method research study where social media performed a essential achievement ((Brannen, J., 2017)). After analysis the data it has been found that the purpose of this study is to identify the features which find out the uses of the selection using social media from a point of view of the users and to make possible the measurability of social media in period of interior association design on asset through using the social media and improve a model from the point of view. This worried a inclusive study of demographic individuality and psychographic aspects of the user in classify to appreciate the combination of issues. The users takes into mirror image about the site and the selections provided using social media as a technique to obtain data, appreciate the decision making journey of the user and the procedure this has to be indistinct using social media as a technique for the users to attach with the social media.

Soundness of the research

The soundness of this research is established and most important techniques to evaluate validity and reliability evaluated with some examples from the literature have done in this research design. The power of this study is to give beginner researchers with a sympathetic of the common difficulty of soundness in social ethical research and to explain them with comes up to improving strong sustain for the validity of their research (Burton, T.L. and Cherry, G.E., 2018). There have some positivity to build the scientific rules of social site that are arrived through testing suggestion as in science. The research design is interpretively to create an understanding of the purposes and targets in social behaviour. The crucial social research design is to ask about the crucial matter with the view to changing society to convert the dissimilar power relationship. Considering the experimentation conducted on the Facebook manipulation of 2014, it has been visible that the world’s biggest social networking is being convicted of manoeuvring the news feed of its users to exploit the emotional contagion (Carey, M., 2017). The users who had relied on the social site to express their feelings were shocked with it pernicious act of data and news feed exploitation. Since, the research has been proposed by the present social networking site team, considering the contact of emotional contagion by Facebook in 2014. Making an allowance for the present social networking research plan on measuring the emotional proportion of the users, the leverage for voluntary contribution and right to withdrawal must be ratified (Reinharz, S., 2017). The reliability of the users on their favourite social site had reduced owing to its defamatory act. Therefore the current research program has been carefully designed using the correlation design and ensuring the confidentiality of the participant information and record. As a starting point for the literature, review of present social media site and micro blogging research was established as early time. A checklist must be prepared to tixbox the addressed point of ethical consideration in the research plan.

Justification of the research being ethical

The subject matter included in the current research proposal, must be adaptive of the ethical standards in order to avoid the repetition of malpractice and emotional contagion , as was conducted by Facebook in the year 2014. Since the Facebook manipulation  act was considered defamatory and derogatory, therefore, the ethical consideration has been paid special attention in the current research plan. Based on the impact of the Facebook consequences, the correlational research design has been used to draw a secured sense of  similarity between the two case studies.

The ethical consideration in the current research plan has been incorporated and adopted on the basis of the above mentioned attributes. The sound and voluntary participation of the users in the research program is a significant contributor to its ethical standards. The participants and users shall be well informed and agreed upon the methodologies and procedures of the research plan. The standardised research code of ethics and principle must be followed to preclude from any kind of unauthentic and unethical data tampering that are represented in the news feed from the users. The internet and cyber security protocol is expected to be followed while conducting the research plan.

Therefore, considering the above discussion, the inclusion of the research code of ethics and voluntary participant involvement, it can be stated that the current research plan is expected to be ethical and authentic in content. Unauthorised access to data and user information distortion must be avoided and placed as top priority to conduct the research profoundly.

References:

1. Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Irvine, C.K.S. and Walker, D., 2018. Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning.
2. Bazarova, N.N., Choi, Y.H., Schwanda Sosik, V., Cosley, D. and Whitlock, J., 2015, February. Social sharing of emotions on Facebook: Channel differences, satisfaction, and replies. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing(pp. 154-164). ACM.
3. Beauvais, A.M., Stewart, J.G., DeNisco, S. and Beauvais, J.E., 2014. Factors related to academic success among nursing students: A descriptive correlational research study. Nurse Education Today, 34(6), pp.918-923.
4. Bosco, F.A., Aguinis, H., Singh, K., Field, J.G. and Pierce, C.A., 2015. Correlation effect size benchmarks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), p.431.
5. Brannen, J., 2017. Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge.
6. Burton, T.L. and Cherry, G.E., 2018. Social research techniques for planners(Vol. 5). Routledge.
7. Calancie, O., Ewing, L., Narducci, L.D., Horgan, S. and Khalid-Khan, S., 2017. Exploring how social networking sites impact youth with anxiety: A qualitative study of Facebook stressors among adolescents with an anxiety disorder diagnosis. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(4).
8. Carey, M., 2017. Qualitative research skills for social work: theory and practice. Routledge.
9. Clarke, S., 2018. Researching beneath the surface: Psycho-social research methods in practice. Routledge.
10. Cohen, E.L. and Lancaster, A.L., 2014. Individual differences in in-person and social media television coviewing: The role of emotional contagion, need to belong, and coviewing orientation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(8), pp.512-518.
11. Curtis, E., Comiskey, C. and Dempsey, O., 2015. Correlational research: Importance and use in nursing and health research. Nurse researcher, 6, pp.20-25.
12. Dijkmans, C., Kerkhof, P. and Beukeboom, C.J., 2015. A stage to engage: Social media use and corporate reputation. Tourism Management, 47, pp.58-67.
13. Glaser, B.G. and Strauss, A.L., 2017. Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge.
14. Humphries, B., 2017. Re-thinking social research: anti-discriminatory approaches in research methodology. Routledge.
15. Kosinski, M., Matz, S.C., Gosling, S.D., Popov, V. and Stillwell, D., 2015. Facebook as a research tool for the social sciences: Opportunities, challenges, ethical considerations, and practical guidelines. American Psychologist, 70(6), p.543.
16. Krasnova, H., Widjaja, T., Buxmann, P., Wenninger, H. and Benbasat, I., 2015. Research note—why following friends can hurt you: an exploratory investigation of the effects of envy on social networking sites among college-age users. Information systems research, 26(3), pp.585-605.
17. Lin, H., Tov, W. and Qiu, L., 2014. Emotional disclosure on social networking sites: The role of network structure and psychological needs. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, pp.342-350.
18. Lin, R. and Utz, S., 2015. The emotional responses of browsing Facebook: Happiness, envy, and the role of tie strength. Computers in human behavior, 52, pp.29-38.
19. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
20. Quinlan, C., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2019. Business research methods. South Western Cengage.
21. Reinharz, S., 2017. On Becoming a Social Scientist: from survey research and participant observation to Experimental Analysis. Routledge.
22. Seabrook, E.M., Kern, M.L. and Rickard, N.S., 2016. Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: a systematic review. JMIR mental health, 3(4).
23. Skela-Savi?, B. and Kiger, A., 2015. Self-assessment of clinical nurse mentors as dimensions of professional development and the capability of developing ethical values at nursing students: A correlational research study. Nurse Education Today, 35(10), pp.1044-1051.
24. Song, Y., Dai, X.Y. and Wang, J., 2016. Not all emotions are created equal: Expressive behavior of the networked public on China's social media site. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, pp.525-533.