ITECH 2201 Computing Resource
Exercise 1: Green Computing (0.5 Marks)
The questions in this exercise can be answered by doing internet search and/or from the YouTube videos. Answer to each question should be one paragraph in your own words.
What is Greenhouse effect?
We are legally, ethically, and socially required to green our IT products, applications, services, and practices – is this statement true? Why?
What is Green IT and what are the benefits of greening IT?
Exercise 2: Environmental Sustainability (0.5 Marks)
Read the article in the below link and answer the questions that follow
According to the article how do you build a greener environment?
Summarize the article in 150 words
Exercise 3: Environmentally Sound Practices (1 Mark)
The questions in this exercise can be answered by doing internet search.
B
riefly explain the following terms – a paragraph for each term:
- Power usage effectiveness (PUE) and its reciprocal
- Data center efficiency (DCE)
- Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCiE)
List 5 universities who offers Green Computing course. You should name the university, the course name and the brief description about the course.
Exercise 4: Major Cloud APIs (1 Mark)
The following companies are the major cloud service provider: Amazon, GoGrid, Google, and Microsoft.
List and briefly describe (3 lines for each company) the Cloud APIs provided by the above major vendors.
Exercise 1: Greening IT Standards and Regulations (0.5 Marks)
To design green computers and other IT hardware – the following standards and regulations are mainly used EPEAT (www.epeat.net), the Energy Star 4.0 standard, and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rohs-compliance-and-guidance). Use the link provide with some internet search – summarize each standards and regulations in 150 words.
Exercise 2: Green cloud computing (0.5 Marks)
Xiong, N.; Han, W.; Vandenberg, A, "Green cloud computing schemes based on networks: a survey," Communications, IET, vol.6, no.18, pp.3294,3300, Dec. 18 2012
Most part of power consumption in data centers comes from computation processing, disk storage, network and cooling systems. Nowadays, there are new technologies and methods proposed to reduce energy cost in data centers. From the above paper summarize (in 300 words) the recent work done in these fields.
Exercise 3: Cloud API Functionalities (2 Marks)
List the functionalities that can be achieved by using the APIs mentioned in the following link:
What API is used in the following link and how it is used?
Openstack is an open source collaborative software project which meets many of the cloud needs. Below links gives vast information about Openstack
Write a report (1 page) about the Openstack features and functionalities.
Answer:
From your lecture and also based on the below given video link:
Memory virtualization allows the system serves to share a memory space which takes up a bit of computing resource to create a separate system for m execution (Earnshaw, 2014). The memory space is often run at the application level and the memory is assigned to an application which executes itself in the shared memory
What is RAID 0?
In this method a file is broken up and the information is spread across all the physical drives which are assigned in the RAID group. It is also known a disk striping is used to increase the system performance. It enhances the reading and writing speed of the da as the data is shared across multiple hard drives.
Describe Striping, Mirroring and Parity.
Disk striping involves the division of an information into separate blocks of data which is spread over a number of storage devices such as solid state and hard disks (Umbehocker, 2014). Through this technique, a single large disk can be created from multiple small hard disks.
In data mirroring, the maintenance and creation of redundant data in a data base is done. The main aim is to decrease data corruption by maintaining a continuous availability of data and decreasing the downtime. It helps to prevent the system from getting partially compromised.
Parity drive is also referred to a physical drive which is used for fault tolerance in an array designed for RAID. Because of fast data striping, the parity drive enables the system to get fault tolerant.
Exercise 2: Storage Design (2 marks)
In the provided video, a LUN system on a storage repository has been connected to a number of servers due to the framework of OCFS2. Hence, a number of servers must stay within the group and at least one server must be present in the environment is also included as mentioned. In this criteria, the local server storage is also included as it is found in LUNs.
What is ISS?
Intelligent storage systems or ISS refers to the arrays that are RAID featured and has high input and output capabilities due to their optimization (Wookey, Low & Parry-Barwick, 2013). An operating systems control the arrays in several factors such as storage resource utilization, allocation and management.
What are the 4 main components of the ISS? ISS has four main components. The first one is called as the front end. Itb isresent between the storage and the host. The system has two sections- the front end controller and the front end ports. The front end ports allows the system to enable proper synchronization of information.
The next section is cache. IT is a semiconductor memory whIch has high input and output capabiites and s used for reducing the time between information exchange.
The thrd part is the backend which consists of back end controllers and ports. The daa is sent to th back end where it is stored for reaching its destination.
The fourth component is physical circles.
How cache works in ISS?
In ISS, Cache works by streamlining the information, distributing and monitoring it forn handling the information faster. To meet the input and output requests of the applcations, the usually stores a lot of memory to keep running and uses lo of complex calcultaions.
Storage Area Network (SAN) and Network Attached Storage (NAS) are widely used concepts in data storage arena. The following YouTube video links gives detailed description of these concepts Based on the watched videos answer the following questions:
Describe NAS and SAN briefly using diagrams?
What are the advantages of SAN over NAS?
The advanatages of SAN over NAS is that SAN is a network of storage devices that work as one whereas NAS consists of one system that shares its own resources over the system (Monostori, 2014).
What are two common NAS file sharing protocols? How they are different from each other?Two comon protocols are AFP and NFS. NFS allow the system to alternaley refresh and restore data on a remote computer. AFP is a protol for recording and shairng information for Macs.
Part B (3 Marks)
Exercise 3: Storage Design (1 Mark)
Design Storage Solution for New Application
Scenario
An organization is deploying a new business application in their environment. The new application requires 1TB of storage space for business and application data. During peak workload, application is expected to generate 4900 IOPS (I/O per second) with typical I/O data block size of 4KB.
The vendor available disk drive option is 15,000 rpm drive with 100 GB capacity. Other specifications of the drives are:
Average Seek time = 5 millisecond and data transfer rate = 40 MB/sec.
You are required to calculate the required number of disk drives that can meet both capacity and performance requirements of an application.
Hint: In order to calculate the IOPS from average seek time, data transfer rate, disk rpm and data block size refer slide 28 in week 6 lecture slide. Once you have IOPS, refer slide 29 in week 6 to calculate the required number of disks.
Exercise 4: Storage Evolution (2 Marks)
Watch the following videos for Fiber Channel over Ethernet and answer the questions that follow
What is FCoE and why we need FCoE?
FCoE or fiber channel ver ibternet is aprotol that is used to faciltate fiber channel comuncaition over a articularly designed ethernet It accomodates the solitary Links and makes it easier for them to traverse over the ethernet medium (Larger, Penkovsky & Maistrenko, 2013). It is needed as it allows companes tyto isolate the ethernet activity from the fibre channel.
In your opinion how FCoE is cost effective than traditional connection – give brief explanation.
The switches provide an idle state of 10 microsecond in connector to connector links than the 3 seconds in port to port links. Hence, FCoE is cost effective than conventional connections.
You have read and answered about SAN in part A – based on your understanding and with some research effort answers the following questions:
What is a Virtual SAN?
Virtual SAN is a particular storage network that enable servers of various sources to access different pools of data. FCIP helps to interface the switch based on fibre channels to IP systems and acts a medium between the switch data and FC control (Arora,Parashar & Transforming, 2013).
What is IP SAN protocols and FibreChannel over IP (FCIP)?
An IP SAN is a dedicated storage area network (SAN) that allows multiple servers to access pools of shared block storage devices using storage protocols that depend on the Internet Engineering Taskforce standard Internet Protocol suite. Watch the below video about Introduction to Object-based and Unified Storage and:
Choose the correct answer from the following questions:
What is an advantage of a flat address space over a hierarchical address space?
- Highly scalable with minimal impact on performance
- Provides access to data, based on retention policies
- Provides access to block, file, and object with same interface
- Consumes less bandwidth on network while accessing data
What is a role of metadata service in an OSD node?
- Responsible for storing data in the form of objects
- Stores unique IDs generated for objects
- Stores both objects and objects IDs
- Controls functioning of storage devices
What is used to generate an object ID in a CAS system?
- File metadata
- Source and destination address
- Binary representation of data
- File system type and ownership
What accurately describes block I/O access in a unified storage?
- I/O traverse NAS head and storage controller to disk
- I/O traverse OSD node and storage controller to disk
- I/O traverse storage controller to disk
- I/O is directly sent to the disk
What accurately describes unified storage?
- Provides block, file, and object-based access within one platform
- Provides block and file storage access using objects
- Supports block and file access using flat address space
- Specialized storage device purposely built for archiving
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