INFM 615 Healthcare Data Management: Measures of Disease
- Different measures of disease are useful to evaluate and assess public health programs and needs in different situations.
- State which measure would best support your goal and briefly explain why you chose that measure for each of the following questions.
Measures of disease:
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- I = incidence rate (p. 126)
- P = prevalence (p. 113)
- L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114)
- M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112)
- R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109)
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- To demonstrate the risks of car-train crashes at railroad crossings without warning signals.
- To demonstrate the amount of children’s exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke.
- To estimate the number of persons who have had leukemia during their lifetimes.
- To estimate the number of healthcare facilities needed to support patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
- To argue that mortality from HIV infection is a more serious public health problem in one region of the U.S than another.
Answer:
Measures of disease
There are different measures of disease that can be used to evaluate and assess different public health programs as well as needs in different scenarios. The dif
ferent measures include incidence rate which is the number of new cases of a particular disease or condition, there is also the prevalence which is the burden the disease in a certain population and then lifetime prevalence that quantifies the burden throughout lifetime of a certain population (Bhopal, 2016). There is also the crude mortality rate that quantifies the deaths that result from a certain condition .Finally, there is the sex ratio that makes a comparison on the effect of the problem on each gender .In this assignment, there will be an explanation of scenarios in which the different measures of disease can be used.
To demonstrate the risks of car train crashes at rail road crossing without warning signals, we use a measure of disease that is known as risk ratio. This is a ratio that indicates the probability of an outcome in a certain exposed group .In this case, it is therefore used to estimate the probability of death at a railroad crossing (Botker, 2018). To demonstrate the number of children exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke, we use incidence rates. This is because this measure of disease estimates the number of new cases due to exposure to risk factors which is second hand smoking in this case. To estimate the number of persons who have had leukemia during their lifetime, we use lifetime prevalence since this is a measure of disease that quantifies the subjects affected over their lifetime (Webb, Bain, & Page, 2016). To argue that mortality from HIV infection is more serious public health problem in one region of US than the other, we use the crude mortality rate. Finally, we use prevalence to estimate the number of healthcare facilities needed to support patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
References
Bhopal, R. S. (2016). Concepts of Epidemiology. Oxford Medicine Online. doi:10.1093/med/9780198739685.001.0001
Botker, H. E. (2018). Introduction and epidemiology. Oxford Medicine Online. doi:10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0632
Webb, P., Bain, C., & Page, A. (2016). Essential Epidemiology. doi:10.1017/9781316275948
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