ENG4102 | Advanced PID Control | PID in Control System
Answer:
PID In Control System
PID Controller –It stands for proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller). They are used in many industries as automatic process control. They can be used to regulate temperature, pressure, changing
flow and many other processes in industries. The 3 coefficients of PID are different in different PIDs according to the need to get optimal response [2].
Example: Temperature Control using a PID controller
How PID works?
In manual control the controller will read the process variable time to time to change or control different variables. In case of automatic control adjustments and changes are made continuously to make continuous changes and maintain control over the variable [1]. Industries use PID. This algorithm is basically for manipulating the error.
ERROR = PV – SP
PV - process variable,
SP - Set point [3].
Fig 2: Working of PID [1]
Different PID Equations
Each action (P, I, and D) occurs in separate equations, with the combined effect being a sum:
To provide this very functionality another PID equation exist. This PID equation is called the Ideal or ISA equation:
Another third equation with origins in the unusual pressure and analog electronic circuit is there, and it is called the Series or Interacting equation:
Limitations and Countermeasures of PID Controllers
To resolve/remove above limitations several techniques have been proposed:
1. To avoid these poor control performances and incapability of controllers.
2. Control structure with 2 PID controllers is introduced to manipulate set point change process and the input disturbance rejection process.
3. To resolve ramp type set point and disturbance a feed forward and feedback loop are proposed. An additional feedback loop is also introduced to incorporate integrating process.
4. Tuning strategy by using model reduction is proposed to tune up the controller for high order processes.
5. To manipulate large time delay process a dead time compensator is used [4].
References
H. (2018). How does a PID controller work? - jjrobots. [online] jjrobots. Available at: https://www.jjrobots.com/pid/ [Accessed 23 May 2018].
Students.iitk.ac.in. (2018). [online] Available at: https://students.iitk.ac.in/roboclub/lectures/PID.pdf [Accessed 23 May 2018].
“Limitations and Countermeasures of PID Controllers,” C&EN: WHAT'S THAT STUFF? JELL-O. [Online]. Available: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie960090 . [Accessed: 23-May-2018].
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