By440 Stem Cell Biology: Biological Assessment Answers
|
Biological Macromolecule |
Elements Ratio |
Function |
Monomer |
Examples |
Functional Group(s) |
|
Carbohydrate -ose
|
CHO 1:2:1 |
- Short term energy storage
- Structure (cell walls & exoskeletons)
|
Monosaccharide |
-Glycogen -Chitin -Cellulose
-Glucose fructose galactose
-sucrose lactose maltose |
-OH |
|
Lipids
|
CHO 1:2:very few |
|
|
|
|
|
Proteins
|
CHON No ratio |
|
|
|
|
|
Nucleic Acids
|
CHONP No ratio |
|
|
|
Answer:
|
Biological Macromolecule |
Elements Ratio |
Function |
Monomer |
Examples |
Functional Group(s) |
|
Carbohydrate -ose (Marshall et al. 2014)
|
CHO 1:2:1 |
- Short term energy storage for metabolism
- Structure (cell walls & exoskeletons) -Makes food more favorable -Fat oxidation -Help cellular recognition process
|
Monosaccharide |
-Glycogen -Chitin -Cellulose
-Glucose fructose galactose
-sucrose lactose maltose |
-OH |
|
Lipids (Nelson 2013)
|
CHO 1:2:very few |
- Store large amount of energy
- Structure (phospholipids are major component of cell membrane) -Source of vitamins A, D, E, K fat soluble ) -Protection of organs by generating heating -Act as chemical messenger
|
Glycerol and fatty acids |
-Fats -Oils -Waxes -Cholesterol -Triglyceride (glycerol + 3 fatty acids) |
—CH2 —OH
|
|
Proteins (Alberts et al. 2013)
|
CHON No ratio
(Amino and carboxyl groups present. Can be identified by the presence of peptide bond ) |
- long term energy storage
- Provisional of structure support -Responding to stimuli -Storage and transportation of molecules -Body regulation- Formation of antibodies to strengthen immune system -Creation of hormone and Enzymatic activity –catalytic reactions -Synthesis and DNA and repair -Signal transduction |
Amino acids (Leucine, Alanine, isleucine, valine and others) |
Enzymes Structural protein
|
—COOH (with long hydrocarbon chain- R-more than 16 C long) —NH2 |
|
Nucleic Acids (Rodwell et al. 2015)
|
CHONP No ratio
(Nucleotides are made of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group) |
-Storage of genetic material -Transmission of genetic or hereditary information from one generation to next generation
-Protein synthesis with the help of ribosome and RNA |
Nucleotides |
DNA RNA |
1 Nitrogen Base, 1 Phosphate, and 1 Sugar. |
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