1. Identify one tool you could use to determine resources requirements for
individual tasks. Explain what this tool is and why you would use it.
Identify three factors you would consider when determining what project
personnel levels, you require.
• Organising documents ready for transcription e.g. alphabetically or by
theme etc.
• Designated area/procedure for collecting documents.
Project personnel levels represent the human resource requirements for a
project. Projects will differ in their human resource requirements; some
projects will need large numbers of people working across different
departments, while others will only need a small group.
To determine the number of personnel required to complete your project, you
should look at the breakdown of each task and determine the following:
• Have you identified all information required to decide regarding project
personnel levels?
• Have you matched roles and responsibilities to the resources needed and
the specific tasks?
• Have you identified specific skills needed and matched these with human
resources? (you can look also for human resources through networking with
other organisations that you have a link with)
You should also factor in any human resource constraints you have. You may
only have the budget to allocate three people to complete the tasks;
however, there may be a special skill set needed for parts of the project.
In this case, you should assess whether it is better to employ a person
with specific skills for just those specific parts or use them for other
parts of the project too.
2. Produce an organisational table for two different individual roles
within your organisation. There are three types of influences on
organisational management structures. Provide an example of each and
explain how each would affect your task.
A project manager is the person in charge of the project overseeing its
development over time.
Person responsible for running the project on a day-to-day basis within
defined authorities for cost and schedule as agreed with the Project
Sponsor/Board.
Communicating with staff both internal and external project team members
and stakeholders.
2. Creating plans for the project including Gantt charts
3. Estimating completion dates and budgets
4. Regularly reviewing the project.
Directors are the leading authority on a project and are answerable for its
success.
2. Reads regular updates of reports, helps to solve issues and makes
ultimate decisions
3. Gives approval for resources.
Project organisation structure is the human infrastructure of a project,
where an organisation delegates an independent project team to a project
manager with the responsibility to manage the team and allocated resources.
A project organisation structure enables you to see how a project is
managed and controlled and who is responsible for the individual functions.
Team members should know who to contact about different problems and
assigning people as the decision makers and authority for a particular area
will be helpful to govern the project.
An organisational chart can also be useful to demonstrate the different
roles and hierarchy of the structure.
3. Explain what a staff management plan will detail. You can meet your
planned work output by assigning responsibilities. Produce a document you
could use in your organisation to record the allocation of responsibilities
to individuals in a project. Consider the individual tasks, stage of the
project and specific skills that may be required for the task.
An output is something that a project has ‘put out’ or delivered and should
be easily measurable, for example, a content management system, a
redesigned website, a product, etc. Outputs from a prior project are often
included in project initiation documentation as this supports that you can
deliver the results that you promise on time, to schedule, within budget.
An output can also be something that is a result of a project e.g. a
decorating project may have a decorated room as an output but also empty
paint pots. Outputs can be measured immediately after a project, unlike
outcomes which need to be measured over time.
Assigning responsibilities is important for achieving project outputs. You
should organise a meeting to communicate responsibilities. You should know
who your team members are and what skills they possess so that you can
assign tasks effectively. You should also know what order the tasks need to
be completed and communicate these responsibilities appropriately.
If you need to delegate responsibility, you could advertise the role
internally so that people can volunteer themselves. This is an effective
way to ensure you get the most motivated people for the position.
Tasks to be completed Project stage Project manager Team member one Team
member two Specialist/ external consultant e.g transcriptionist
4. Research and identify three ways you organise and manage information
within your organisation. This may include a software or particular graph
you are required to use.
A helpful tool for plotting and monitoring human resources is a histogram.
A histogram is a graph that provides a visual reference that enables the
project manager to see how many hours will be required from a team member,
group or entire department that week, month or for the whole project.
Histograms can also tell you the maximum time commitment that can be
obtained from each resource. From this, you can easily see if you need to
allocate more resources or change the schedule of a project to meet the
need.
Text is a good option either on its own to go into detail e.g. a job
description may have substantial amounts of text, or combined with other
tools. Text is also used often in template documents where a description of
what needs to be entered is used.
Diagrams and images are useful for presenting complex information or
breaking up text for example in a training guide, handbook or presentation.
They can be simple and relate to the information being presented or more
complex showing a structure of some sort e.g. hierarchal or linear.
5. Provide a definition for negotiate and give three examples you may
negotiate with staff. Provide a clear job description for two roles of your
choice within your organisation. Create a document to record the
information.
Negotiating is the process where two or more parties engage in discussions
about something. These discussions may involve compromises in certain areas
e.g. wages, level of authority and responsibilities. People may have
different communication and negotiation styles such as open and frank,
indirect, relationship building, pushy, etc. When negotiating with
different people, you should think about your body language and how you can
use this to your advantage.
• Gestures
• Bargaining
• Eye contact
Job description
Job title
Job scope
Reports to
Key responsibilities
General responsibilities
Person Specification
Skills
Knowledge
Personal attributes
6. You can support personnel and project performance by implementing
development and training. What factors would you take into account when
identifying whether development and training is required? Identify three
techniques you could use to identify whether further training and
development is required?
Ongoing development and training of project team members has many benefits
not only to your team members but also for your organisation. By developing
and training the team members you have, you will be able to mould the new
skills acquired to meet the needs of your organisation. By investing in
team members and providing ongoing development and training you are
demonstrating they are valued in the organisation which in turn will
increase their motivation to contribute more to the organisation and will
earn the loyalty of team members.
When identifying what training and development needs there are within a
team, there are several factors you may consider:
• What are the current skill set of staff?
• What skills do staff feel they need?
• What are the skill gaps within the organisation?
• What new skills could improve the organisation?
• What training could fill the skill gaps?
Observing the team
• Interviewing/ group meetings
• Questionnaires/surveys
• Work output quality
• Records and reports.
7. What is a shortfall in performance? What method can you use to determine
the cause of a shortfall? Provide an example of a shortfall in performance
you have been aware of in your organisation. Outline the following:
a. How did you identify the shortfall?
A performance shortfall is the failure to meet the required criteria set
for a team member or task. Performance shortfall occur for many several
reasons, and you should identify and overcome these shortfalls when they
arise, as if left to ferment, they may lead to a domino effect, where the
performance of other aspects of the project decrease.
b. What information did you collect to determine that there was a
shortfall?
Step one involves the gathering of information. How you gather your
information will depend on the performance issue and your organisation. You
may want to collect data from other team members and discuss why they
believe there is a shortfall in performance, or you may want to test
equipment or material and determine whether equipment is to blame for the
shortfall.
c. How did you identify the cause of the issue?
If there is a shortfall in performance, you should first find out the root
cause of the problem. A Root Cause Analysis is a process you can follow in
order to identify the root cause of a problem. If the identified problem is
indeed the root cause, removing it from the equation would mean that the
problem never occurred. You can identify the root cause of a problem and
take action to tackle this, which should mean that the problem can be
resolved and avoided again in the future. In the above example, you can
trace the root cause of the problem to a lack of structure and
responsibility. By designing and implementing a rota system and assigning
responsibility to certain individuals on certain days, you can hold this
person accountable and thus eradicate the problem.
A Root Cause Analysis can be applied to many different situations and
scenarios and can be very useful for identifying and resolving problems.
d. What did you recommend solving the problem?
The remaining step in the root cause analysis is to look into what you
could do to help overcome the problem.
There are many ways to overcome shortfalls for example:
• Additional training
• Coaching
• Disciplinary action.
You may also find that individuals have skills that are not being utilised.
A solution, in this case, would be to find a task that would enable the
team member to use the skill. When you have a reasonable solution for your
problem, you will need to discuss these with the relevant people
You may need to recommend solutions to:
• Project manager
• Project specialists and other personnel
• Relevant project authority
• Team members.
e. Produce a chart of your choice to demonstrate the shortfall in
performance, the effect of the shortfall and the remedial action taken.
8. Research and suggest one possible process or action that could be
implemented within your organisation to improve performance and project
effectiveness. Outline the steps you would need to take to have your
suggestion approved and put in place.
Improving performance
One way to tackle performance related issues is to encourage team members
to participate. A benefit of involving the whole team is that there is a
collective responsibility for delivering objectives. You should try to
encourage team members to identify ways to improve.
• You can do this by providing opportunities for discussion and feedback
through: Meetings – involve a group of people who come together to discuss
their progress, solve issues and present information
• One-to-one sessions – involve two people conversing about elements of
work, one in a more senior role than the other giving guidance and advice
• Drop-in sessions – involve one or more individuals who are seeking
support, advice, a quick word with a manager (there is usually a set time
for drop-in sessions e.g. a manager will set 30 minutes aside every Tuesday
to answer questions and discuss issues) Brainstorming sessions – is a
creative process involving a group of individuals who come together to
share their ideas and solutions to problems
• Suggestion boxes – can provide an opportunity for staff to anonymously
confront problems or issues.
9. Produce a document you could use within your organisation to report
influences affecting team morale for remedial action. Research and outline
the process you
Motivating the team
Motivating a team can help to ensure that staff meet schedules and budgets.
There are several ways that you can help to motivate team members.
Strategies to help motivate the team include:
• Train staff appropriately; this will help to encourage new ideas and
motivate employees
• Use constructive criticism to help staff achieve their full potential
• Rewards should be in place wherever possible for staff who develop ways
to improve
• Promote the reward structure – nobody will be motivated by it if they do
not know about it
• Staff progression should be highlighted; successful stories could be
turned into case studies for others to aspire to would need to follow in
your organisation to report an influence affecting your team morale.
10. Identify three ways conflicts may incur within your organisation.
Provide an example of a conflict you have previously come across. Outline
what the conflict was, how it had developed and what organisation
procedures were implemented to resolve the conflict. Research and identify
one piece of legislation that may affect how you resolve a conflict.
Conflicts occur because of a variety of factors, for example:
• Clash of personality
• Differing opinions
• Claims to authority.
These conflicts should be resolved according to dispute resolution
processes that are in place in your organisation.
Dispute-resolution processes may include:
• Documented organisational policies and procedures
• Industry agreements
• Relevant legislation and regulations e.g. discrimination legislation.
Legislation and industry agreements
You should be aware of relevant legislation that may have an impact on your
response to conflict resolution.
It is a criminal offence to discriminate against people because of their
sex, race, disability or age according to the following legislation:
• Sex Discrimination Act 1984
• Racial Discrimination Act 1975
• Disability Discrimination Act 1992
• Age Discrimination Act 2004.
Any discrimination should be treated very seriously, as should workplace
bullying. There is no specific legislation relating to bullying in the
workplace (it is not unlawful unless people are discriminating against
others on grounds of sex, race, disability or age). However, under
occupational health and safety legislation employers have a duty to reduce
the likelihood of bullying as it affects an employee’s state of physical or
mental health. For more information on bullying go to:
https://www.humanrights.gov.au/information-employers-fact-sheet-workplace-bullying.
The Fair Work Act 2009 also has information on bullying and protects
workers from unfair dismissal. Employees can lodge an application to stop
bullying and for unfair dismissal with the fair work commission. Employers
have the opportunity to respond to applications of dismissal and
commissioners will decide if a jurisdiction hearing is necessary. Please go
to
https://www.fwc.gov.au/resolving-issues-disputes-and-dismissals/respond-application
for more information.
11. Every organisation will have different organisational policies and
procedures when dealing with conflict in the workplace. Research and
identify three principles outlined in your dispute resolution process that
will help you to manage the conflict.
• When dealing with conflict in the workplace there are some general
principles that you can practice that may be found in your organisation’s
dispute-resolution processes:
• Listening to both parties to understand what has caused the dispute
• Treating each party equally and remain impartial
• Getting the parties together to talk about their issues
• Present each viewpoint and talk through the conflict with each party,
acting as a
• moderator for the conversation
• Avoid agree to disagree resolution and try to think about procedures
• you can follow and other solutions
• Document discussions and follow formal procedure for disputes (these may
include
• disciplinary action if serious).
Whilst conflict is common within teams, conflict can, in some ways, be
beneficial to a team, as long as the conflicts are effectively managed that
is. A conflict between two individuals due to a clash of personality may
occur, with detrimental effects to the entire project’s progression. Rather
than letting a dispute stagnate, by implementing effective conflict
resolution methods, you may discover the conflict was due to a
misunderstanding, which can be resolved quickly and may even lead to an
increase in productivity.
12. Explain why it is important to disband a project team.
Disbanding the project team
Disbanding a team occurs at the end of a project and is similar to
de-briefing. It is sometimes overlooked but needs consideration because it
can help you to learn from the project. The end of a project is signified
by having completed all stages of the project and the outputs have been
acknowledged by the project director or sponsor. Sometimes a project can be
disbanded if the work is cancelled or suspended.
Disbanding helps you to:
• Recognise the effort and success of team members
• Learn from what you have achieved
• Become a better team and better at working in teams
• Look towards the future and other projects.
13. Identify three methods you can use to identify human resource issues.
Provide an example where you have previously used one of these methods to
identify a human resource issue. Explain how you used this method.
Human resource issues can be identified through using a variety of methods:
Regular audits and spot checks
• Notes or minutes from meetings with staff
• Ask staff regularly for ways to improve
• Complaints forms
• Feedback and suggestion forms
• Staff incentives/rewards documentation
• Disciplinary documentation
It is important to document what you learn from the process to support
continuous improvement. The above methods may require forms or
documentation to be created.
14. Choose a job role within your organisation. Your task will require you
to create a job description for your chosen role to be used to advertise
the position. You must provide evidence that you have completed the
following tasks:
a. Conduct research within your organisation to research your chosen job
role.
The customer service manager is essential in industries that deal directly
with consumers. This, basically, means that customer service managers are
crucial to almost every commercial industry going. At its very core, the
job is to make sure that the company can do as much as is reasonably
possible to satisfy the all-important client.
As a customer service manager, you are at once responsible for creating a
customer service policy and for making sure that it is implemented. You
will have to train up your staff so that they can deal with any imaginable
situation in the appropriate manner.
While this gives you great power, it also gives you annoying
responsibility: questions, complaints and outright grants will inevitably
get shoved upstairs to the manager. This is the one case where the wisdom
of The Wire may not apply; the shit does not always roll downhill
b. Participate in a verbal discussion with team members and senior
management to determine the role responsibilities
This customer service manager sample job description can assist in your
creating a job application that will attract job candidates who are
qualified for the job. Feel free to revise this job description to meet
your specific job duties and job requirements.
Maintains customer satisfaction by providing problem-solving resources;
managing staff.
c. Use previous job description examples from your organisation
Job description
Job title Customer service manager
Job scope Deliver a first-class service to customer throughout the customer
service process
Reports to Head of Customer service
Board of Director
Key responsibilities Increase NPS year on year. Increase promotors and
decrease detractors through addressing customer needs efficiently and
effectively
2. Be responsible for the final quality inspection of the property before
it is handed over to the customer putting into place prior to the handover
any remedial action that is required
3. Champion the customer throughout the business and be the first elevated
point of contact once exchange has taken place if the customer once
exchange has taken place.
4. Visit customers in the field to understand their needs by building a
professional relationship throughout their Redrow journey, offering
guidance and assistance/rectification to matters raised. This will involve
occasional evening/weekend working.
5. Manage internal and external relations to ensure that customers are
satisfied
6. Feedback patterns of design/specification issues and following
instruction implement changes
General responsibilities
Person Specification
Skills Have a clear understanding of quality expectations for the different
clients and projects.
· Improve the quality of your work on a daily basis by learning and
implementing new
skills with help from Team Leaders, TQM and other CSR’s
Knowledge Promote TransVision objectives.
· Conduct yourself in a manner consistent with the values of the
organization.
· Make Transcom an enjoyable place to work.
Personal attributes Possess positive attitude.
· Have very good interpersonal skills (both written and oral)
· Take ownership for quality, competence, and commitment.
· Enjoy/thrive on autonomy within the franchise framework and be results
focused.
· Be highly motivated and prepared to work hard.
· Have high personal energy and enjoy a lively environment.
· Be highly flexible and welcome change/improvements.
d. Use the internet to discover the requirements and duties of the job
role.
Accomplishes customer service human resource objectives by recruiting,
selecting, orienting, training, assigning, scheduling, coaching,
counseling, and disciplining employees; communicating job expectations;
planning, monitoring, appraising, and reviewing job contributions; planning
and reviewing compensation actions; enforcing policies and procedures.
Achieves customer service objectives by contributing customer service
information and recommendations to strategic plans and reviews; preparing
and completing action plans; implementing production, productivity,
quality, and customer-service standards; resolving problems; completing
audits; identifying customer service trends; determining system
improvements; implementing change.
Meets customer service financial objectives by forecasting requirements;
preparing an annual budget; scheduling expenditures; analyzing variances;
initiating corrective actions.
Determines customer service requirements by maintaining contact with
customers; visiting operational environments; conducting surveys; forming
focus groups; benchmarking best practices; analyzing information and
applications.
Improves customer service quality results by studying, evaluating, and
re-designing processes; establishing and communicating service metrics;
monitoring and analyzing results; implementing changes. Maximizes customer
operational performance by providing help desk resources and technical
advice; resolving problems; disseminating advisories, warnings, and new
techniques; detecting and diagnosing network problems.
Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities;
reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks;
participating in professional organizations.
Accomplishes information systems and organization mission by completing
related results as needed.
15. Using the correct industry related terminology; develop a word document
advertising the role. You should use your research from your previous
findings. You will need to include the following in your advert:
a. Job title
Customer service manager
b. Job description
Our start up shipping and courier service need to add a Customer Service
Manager to our growing team. The successful candidate will focus on all
aspects of customer satisfaction and care as well as the supervision of our
dedicated Customer Service Associates. We need a Customer Service Manager
who can take charge of our customer service department and foster positive
relationships with our clients. If you know how to find unique ways to deal
with customer complaints or concerns, you’d be a perfect fit for this
position. We offer excellent benefits, a competitive starting salary and
paid leave as well as opportunities for advancement
c. Job role
• Oversee our customer service team
• Manage and train Customer Associates
• Set reasonable customer satisfaction goals and work with the team to meet
them on a consistent basis
• Interact with customers on a daily basis, responding to their questions
and guiding them to the appropriate service
• Onboard new employees and train them based on your expertise and skill
set
• Create and implement an effective customer loyalty program
d. Skills required
• 10+ years’ experience in customer service
• 5+ years’ supervisory experience
• Bachelor’s degree in business administration or a related field preferred
• Extensive e-commerce background
• Ability to translate your skills to other employees through training and
mentoring
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills
• Proficiency with Microsoft Office Suite and Google Docs
e. Who they are responsible to
Brand manager and Board Manager
f. Possible job developments
excellent benefits, a competitive starting salary and paid leave as well as
opportunities for advancement.
16. Identify four human resource management (HRM) methods, techniques and
tools. Provide an example of each of the methods, techniques and tools you
have identified, and briefly summarise (max. 150 words per item) how and
why these have been used.
To use human resource management tools you may need to be familiar with
organising and managing information in different formats for example:
Text
Text is a good option either on its own to go into detail e.g. a job
description may have substantial amounts of text or combined with other
tools. Text is also used often in template documents where a description of
what needs to be entered is used.
Charts:
As previously stated, an organisational chart can also be useful to
demonstrate the distinct roles and hierarchy of the structure. An
organisation chart can be as simple or as complex as needed. It may also
have photographs of the individuals under each job title for ease of
recognition. Organisation charts can be sent to team members or hung up in
poster form for reference.
Histogram:
A helpful tool for plotting and monitoring human resources is a histogram.
A histogram is a graph that provides a visual reference that enables the
project manager to see how many hours will be required from a team member,
group or entire department that week, month or for the whole project.
Histograms can also tell you the maximum time commitment that can be
obtained from each resource. From this, you can easily see if you need to
allocate more resources or change the schedule of a project to meet the
need.
Tables:
Tables are good for timesheets and for assigning responsibilities e.g. a
responsibility assignment matrix. Microsoft Excel or similar databases can
create useful templates for timesheets that update the totals when database
formulae and functions are used. A responsibility matrix is a table that
can show you who is responsible for the different tasks on a project. One
type of RAM is called a RACI chart (Responsible, accountable, consult,
inform). This helps to see the different relationships individuals have
with the project tasks.
Diagrams:
Diagrams and images are useful for presenting complex information or
breaking up text for example in a training guide, handbook or presentation.
They can be simple and relate to the information being presented or more
complex showing a structure of some sort e.g. hierarchal or linear.
17. Identify, explain and give an example for a strategy that could be used
to manage project human resources in each of the following situations:
a. Determining resource requirements
Work breakdown structure
The work breakdown structure is a tool used to break down your project into
smaller digestible tasks. The purpose of breaking down the tasks is to help
you to discover the resource requirements; not only material needs, but
time and financial needs. There will be wide differences in the individual
tasks required for a project due to the varying industries and areas in
which a project can be created.
There are four stages involved in the work breakdown structure: breakdown,
organise and structure, determine resources and document.
b. Assigning responsibilities
Trace the root cause of the problem to a lack of structure and
responsibility. By designing and implementing a rota system and assigning
responsibility to certain individuals on certain days, you can hold this
person accountable and thus eradicate the problem.
c. Addressing a skills gap through learning and development
Few people will fit your idea of an ideal candidate, and it is, therefore,
important to decide on what the qualifying features will be e.g. in the
form of essential and desirable criteria. If a strong candidate has a
skills gap in I.T. and this is desirable for the activities described, then
training is a possible option. You could also look at complimentary skill
sets e.g. if there is someone in the team with very good I.T. skills they
could support the team member who lacks in this skill set.
d. Overcoming shortfalls in performance
A performance shortfall is the failure to meet the required criteria set
for a team member or task. Performance shortfall occur for many different
reasons, and you should identify and overcome these shortfalls when they
arise, as if left to ferment, they may lead to a domino effect, where the
performance of other aspects of the project decrease.
e. Motivating the team
Train staff appropriately; this will help to encourage new ideas and
motivate employees
Use constructive criticism to help staff achieve their full potential
f. Conflict resolution.
These conflicts should be resolved according to dispute resolution
processes that are in place in your organisation.
Dispute-resolution processes may include:
• Documented organisational policies and procedures
• Industry agreements
• Relevant legislation and regulations e.g. discrimination legislation.
Legislation and industry agreements
You should be aware of relevant legislation that may have an impact on your
response to conflict resolution
18. Identify three factors that should be considered when measuring
individuals’ performance against agreed criteria.
Productive team members are essential for every organisation to succeed.
You should continually monitor and evaluate your team members to quickly
identify shortfalls in their performance. When initially hired, your team
members would have been provided with agreed criteria as to what their
expected performance should be. The criteria will differ depending on the
team member’s role and responsibilities.
19. What is a Root Cause Analysis? In either text or graphic form,
undertake a Root Cause Analysis for one problem you have encountered in
either a current or previous work role. Attach this to your workbook.
Root Cause Analyses can be completed in several forms, including:
• Ishikawa / fish bone diagrams
• Table
• Mind maps
• Flow charts
• No real format.
If there is a shortfall in performance, you should first find out the root
cause of the problem. A Root Cause Analysis is a process you can follow in
order to identify the root cause of a problem. If the identified problem is
indeed the root cause, removing it from the equation would mean that the
problem never occurred. You can identify the root cause of a problem and
take action to tackle this, which should mean that the problem can be
resolved and avoided again in the future.
20. Identify and explain two techniques for managing and improving
individuals’ performance.
One way to tackle performance related issues is to encourage team members
to participate. A benefit of involving the whole team is that there is a
collective responsibility for delivering objectives. You should try to
encourage team members to identify ways to improve.
You can do this by providing opportunities for discussion and feedback
through:
• Meetings – involve a group of people who come together to discuss their
progress, solve issues and present information
• One-to-one sessions – involve two people conversing about elements of
work, one in a more senior role than the other giving guidance and advice
21. Project: You will be assigned in a small group (2-5 people) to conduct
this project. Choose a project in discussion with your assessor. An example
of a project could be setting up a Learning Management System (LMS) using
Moodle for AIS. As a group you are required to complete the following tasks
and provide a report.
22. Name and explain two human resource management methods, techniques and
tools.
Organizational Charts
Organizational charts are the graphical diagrams to explain the authority
and reporting lines in the project. Human resource management plan is the
staffing management plan it describes about when the staff will recruit in
the project, how the staff will be trained and when the staff will be
relived from the project.
Matrix
The type which is used most often is called the responsibility assignments
matrix (RAM). These can be shown as a table with the left hand column
listing the various work packages, and the remaining columns describing the
various roles.
23. Name and explain two strategies that may be used for managing project
human resources. Explain for what application each strategy may be used.
Strategies for learning and development
There are many methods and techniques used for improving the performance of
staff and helping them to learn new skills.
For example:
• Coaching – involves creating an optimum environment for learners to
perform to the best of their abilities.
• External training – this involves an external body and can be formal with
an assessment leading to a qualification.
• Mentoring – involves regular contact with a person in a similar or higher
position.
• On-the-job training – involves learning the aspects of a job through
doing the tasks related to that job.
• Performance feedback, including 360 – this is a formal review of
performance and can involve a self-assessment and a manager’s opinion on
your performance.
• Self-directed learning – this involves a learner studying in their own
time.
• Work rotation – this involves experiencing other people’s roles to
understand better the structure of the organisation to then be able to work
more cohesively. Coaching – involves creating an optimum environment for
learners to perform to the best of their abilities.
Strategies to help motivate the team include:
• Train staff appropriately; this will help to encourage new ideas and
motivate employees
• Use constructive criticism to help staff achieve their full potential
• Rewards should be in place wherever possible for staff who develop ways
to improve
• Promote the reward structure – nobody will be motivated by it if they do
not know about it
• Staff progression should be highlighted; successful stories could be
turned into case studies for others to aspire to.
24. Name and explain two processes that may be used to measure individual’s
performance against agreed criteria.
Productive team members are essential for every organisation to succeed.
You should continually monitor and evaluate your team members to quickly
identify shortfalls in their performance. When initially hired, your team
members would have been provided with agreed criteria as to what their
expected performance should be. The criteria will differ depending on the
team member’s role and responsibilities.
Performance evaluation
There are several factors you should determine when measuring the
performance of your team.
The time taken to complete the task
The completion of tasks to deadlines is an important skill set for most
employers. When measuring the team member’s time taken to complete the task
you should also take into account whether the work was of average or poor
quality.
Attendance
Arriving late for work or not arriving means an employee is not completing
the task to its full potential. Measuring attendance may indicate an
underlying issue, for example, the employee hasn’t been trained, has a high
workload or does not get along with other team members.
25. Name and explain two techniques for managing and improving performance.
Interpersonal skills involve communicating effectively with different
people. If you have good interpersonal skills, you will usually be able to
talk with ease to a variety of people with differing backgrounds and at a
wide range of levels. Your communication will be confident, eloquent and
adaptable to suit different situations.
Building relationships and establishing rapport is an important part of
managing a team. By making people feel valued and building trust, you can
help to improve performance.
Performance feedback has a more formal approach. It involves a regular
ongoing assessment of an employee’s performance by a manager or supervisor.
Constructive feedback both positive and negative is given to the employee
to motivate them and improve their work. Some organisations have a rating
system on a scale e.g. 1-10 and a list of responsibilities, traits, and
goals and then score the employee on those.
By identifying areas that personnel need additional help with and having
ongoing support in place, this will help improve your project performance.
As the training is put in place, you should observe and communicate with
the team members to ascertain the progress they are making. You may
identify areas in the training which are irrelevant and alter the training
plan.
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