BN106 Networking Fundamentals: How to Use A Network Analyzer?

Introduction

The network analyser is the instrument for the measurement of the network parameters of the electrical networks. This is based on the measurement of the s parameters where the reflection and the transmission is for the electrical networks that are mainly found to be easy at the higher set of frequency. There is a check of the other parameters which are used to characterise the two port networks with the amplifiers and the filters that can be for the network through the arbitrary number of the ports. Here, the overview is based on the higher frequencies and the check on how the operating frequencies are able to range in between 5 to 1.05Thz. Here, there are analysers for handling the ranges which are down to 1Hz. There are networks for the check on the stability analysis of the open loops and for the measurement of the audio and the ultrasonic components. The network analyser is to analyse the scalar networks with the measurement of the amplitude properties with the vector network analyser to handle and measure the amplitude with the phase properties. For the network analyser, there is a need to check on the signal generator or the signal source which will be able to provide with the better network analysers that does not have their own signal generator. For this, it is possible to control all the modern network analysers which have been set for the building of the signal generators with the higher performance and the network analysers. (Puthukodan et al., 2014). There are two built in sources that are used for the applications like the mixer test where the sources are also providing the RF signals and the LO or the amplifier intermodulation testing the tests sets are set to take the signal generator output and then route it to the device which is under the tests.  

1.

For the capturing filters, there is a need to use the reference where Wireshark use the same syntax for the capture filter like the tcpdump, WinDump, Analyzer and other programs which could use the libcap or the WinPcap library. The tcp port 80 are not the display filters rather they are for the reduction of the size of the raw packet capture. The capture filters are set with the packet capture and cannot be modified at the time of capture. Hence, for this, there are different firms packets that range in the different problems. There is a need to make sure of allowing the capturing of the packets from the network with the networking.  The corporate policies are set with the changed network cabling where the start of the capture is to make sure that the network administrators are able to handle the capture privilege and the support. There re users who work on examining the specific privileges that allow the capturing mainly as the normal user or the administrator. (Brennan et al, 2014). The check is on how the capture is set with the network interfaces to make sure that the data is at the right interface.

2.

IP Address: 192.168.56.1

3.

The IP address given is: 172.168.56.77

4.

The Ethernet Protocol is for the network communication which is set for the standardized capability of handling the larger amount of the data which is set at the speed of 10Mbps or 100 Mbps and upto 1500 bytes per packet. There are specifications which are based on the star network topology that is able to handle the expansion and the setup of the data, with maintaining and expanding the data. It also allows the mixing of products where the Ethernet is used with the personal computers or the mainframes to handle the programmable logic controllers and the other devices. The specifications are based on the Ethernet Association where there is a ControlNet Management. (Nykl et al., 2014).

The Internet Protocol is based on the communication protocol which is for the datagrams that is set in and around the network boundaries. The routing is set for the functions to make it sure that it enables the networking. For this, there is a check on establishing a better internet connection with the tasks of delivering the packets from the source host to the destination which is based on the IP addresses in the packet headers. The check is on how the packet structures are able to encapsulate the data for the delivery with defining the proper addressing methods that are used for the labelling of the diagrams with the sources and the destination. IP is the connectionless datagrams services which is based on the connection oriented Transmission Control Protocol with the check on how the functions are able to address the hosts for the routing from the source to the destination hosts in a particular IP network. IP is for the packets that is able to provide with the addressing of the system and to set the identification of the hosts and providing the logical service location. Here, the construction of the datagram is based on using the header and the payload where the IP header is tagged and set according to the source IP address and the destination IP where the other meta-data is for the routing and the delivering of the datagram standards. IP addressing is able to entail the assignment of the IP addresses with the associated parameters to the host interfaces, where the address space is divided into the networks and the subnetworks which involve the designation of the routing prefixes. (Cha et al., 2015)..

The TCP is set for the Internet Protocol Suite, where the network implementation is set for the Internet that provides a reliable, ordered and the error checked delivery with the stream of the different IP networks. There are applications which are based on working over the User Datagram Protocol which is for the connectionless datagram service that reduce the latency over the reliability factor. The TCP is set for the functions which includes the links to the other hosts like the required packet fragmentation on the transmission medium. Here, the standards are set for the balancing of the traffic load with the unpredictable network behavior, IP packets which are lost, duplicated or delivered when they are set out of order. The check is also on how the data is remaining undelivered with the source that is notified. The check is on the accuracy for the delivery measures with the check on how the file sharing is processed with the streaming of the media applications and the setup of the real-time applications with Voice over the IP. (Hamler et al, 2015). The setup is based on the Real Time Transport Protocols that tend to operate over the User Datagram sets and handle the delivery of the services which can easily guarantee for the bytes that will be for the bytes that are sent in a proper manner.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the application protocol which is set with the systems that is for the proper foundation of the data. This is based on the communication with the proper world wide web and how the structure is set to make use of the links and the nodes where the tets is contained in between them. The HTTP is for the exchange and for handling the data transfer where the check is on maintaining the web browser where the designs are based on permitting the intermediate network elements to improve and enable the communications in between the clients and the servers. There are higher traffic websites and the other benefits that comes from the web cache servers that are able to deliver the content based on the improved response time. The HTTP is the application layer which has been designed for handling the framework of the internet protocol were there are underlying functions for the transport layer protocol. There are transmissions which are based on handling the use of the unreliable protocols like the User Datagram Protocol. (Cha et al, 2015).

5.

All the 4 protocols are related to internent, and in the same OSI level. Hence, they are related.

6.

Yes, information says that a cookie is sent. Th browser and Operating System informations are sent in the cookie. The browser is Mozilla Firefox and OS is Windows 10.

7.

The last text is footer of the webpage.

Conclusion

The network analyser is for handling the connection on the front panel with the measurements that are set to connect with the other devices that are et under the introduction of the time delay and the phase shift. (Gregory, 2013). The factors are set to define the check on the different measurement elements with the systematic errors.

References

• Puthukodan, S., Dadrasnia, E., Vinod, V.K.T., Nguendon, H.K., Lamela, H., Ducournau, G., Lampin, J.F., Garet, F., Coutaz, J.L., Lee, D.M. and Baik, S., 2014. Sub-THz characterisation of multi-walled carbon nanotube thin films using vector network analyser.Electronics Letters, 50(4), pp.297-299.
• Hammler, J. and Gallant, A., 2015. Balocco.“Simple de-embedding and simulation technique to find permittivity with a THz vector network analyser”.Proceedings of IRMMW-THz, pp.23-28.
• Cha, H.Y., Rafiee, M. and Aftanasar, M.S., 2015, December. Cost effective TRL calibration technique on network analyser. InRF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2015 IEEE International (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• Brennan, P.V., Lok, L.B., Nicholls, K. and Corr, H., 2014. Phase-sensitive FMCW radar system for high-precision Antarctic ice shelf profile monitoring.IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 8(7), pp.776-786.
• Gregory, A.P., 2013. Q-factor measurement using a vector network analyser.NPL Report No. MAT, 58.
• Nykl, J., Jakob, M. and Hrncir, J., 2014, August. Advanced public transport network analyser. InProceedings of the Twenty-first European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 1229-1230). IOS Press.