B01SYAD310 Systems Analysis and Design
a)Describe and apply iterative incremental systems software development processes, such as structured, object-oriented and agile approaches.
b) Critically analyse and verify business and system requirements, including producing and verifying analysis and design models for an information system.
c) Evaluate and choose appropriate software designs to compose the design of an information system.
d) Work effectively as part of a team in the production of a systems requirements and design document; understand and communicate business requirements and information system designs effectively.
Answer:
Introduction
This report is focused on a popular bicycle shop “Ola Bicycle” situated near Town Hall, Sydney which sells various brands of new bikes as well as accessories. Apart from that, Ola Bicycle also has a service department for repairing of bicycles. Presently, the information and records are handled manually as paper works yet with the expanding request it is getting to be troublesome for the shop to deal with their business tasks. Thus, it has been chosen by the proprietor that a data framework must be created with the goal that they can do their business proficiently. The exchanges are exhibited to give a knowledge into the prerequisites to be satisfied by the framework alongside the techniques that will be utilized to gather data on the client necessities. Further, the device and strategies that are suitable for development of required system are also presented in this report.
System Analysis and Design: Ola Bicycle
Types of system requirements
The system requirements that has been identified in context to Ola Bicycle are listed as below:
Order management: This requirement relates to process of taking orders from the client to the delivery of items. This means that a client will be able to place an order fo
r a particular item through online and it will be shipped to the client as per given information.
Inventory management: This requirement refers to checking of stock to determine whether the requested item by client is available or not. If the item is available then, client should be notified and shipping order shall be generated for the bicycle shop.
Booking of Service: This necessity will be dynamic when a customer demands for repair benefit and the framework will thusly demonstrate a rundown of accessible mechanics as per date and schedule vacancy picked by the customer.
Billing info: This requirement refers to producing of bills as soon as request is received from client regarding either purchase or repair service. The system will produce bills for each and every transaction being requested by clients.
Reports management: This requirement is essential for the management as they want deliver different reports so the framework will have the usefulness to give reports from the put away information.
Fact-finding methods to collect information
Interviews
This method is a widely used technique to collect information by carrying out face-to-face conversations. The focus of this method is on finding, verifying, clarifying facts, motivating the end users along with identification of requirements and gathering opinions (Garfield 2017). This method requires involvement of both system analyst as well as interviewee such as employees in this particular context. This method requires good skills for communication for association between the framework examiner and clients that is workers of Ola Bicycle.
Pros: With appropriate inspiration, the interviewees will have the capacity to answer the required inquiries certainly and productively. In this technique, the framework expert can examine detailed feedbacks acquired from the interviewees. The questions can be changed according to suitability of the interviewees.
Cons: This method for fact finding is very time consuming and costly. Further, the communication skills of a system analyst may appear to be hindrance for success of this technique.
Questionnaires
It is one of the useful method for collecting information from a wide group of people. In this method the participants have to provide some answers to questions being prepared by the system analyst. This technique helps to save time for the system analyst as there is no requirement to conduct interview session with each member (Munzner 2014). The questionnaires can be distributed to the participants so that they can fill the answers as per their own convenience within mentioned timeframe.
Pros: In this technique, the people are able to fill the forms and give answers to them freely. It is an inexpensive technique and the people are more inclined towards providing real answers as they do not have to give their personal data or information. The responses from the people can be calculated as well as analyzed with ease.
Cons: There are chances that the general population may give inadequate answers and the investigator will not have the capacity to watch non-verbal communication from the reactions. It is hard to set up a decent survey and the expert does not have a possibility of characterizing obscure and fragmented reactions.
Observation
In this procedure for actuality finding, the framework expert visits the business association and concentrates the record stream. This technique helps to observe the interaction of users with existing system and it is a useful technique as the system analyst is able to get the user point of view in terms of the system.
Pros: This technique allows the system analyst to validate facts as well as data that is to be checked. This technique is relatively inexpensive than the other methods for fact finding and the analyst is able to collect data from the physical environment.
Cons: There may be changes in the interaction of users either knowingly or unknowingly if they become aware of observation (Adams 2015). The framework investigator may miss certain assignments amid the perception technique and a few undertakings might be illogical.
Systems development tools and methods
In this segment, the delineations are introduced on the devices and techniques that can be utilized to build up the data framework for Ola Bicycle. The use of the particular devices and strategies will build up the data framework with the end goal that it can satisfy necessities of Ola Bicycle.
Systems development tools
Modelling
This apparatus delivers a graphical introduction of an idea or even a procedure that can be utilized by framework engineers for examination, testing and adjustment (Garfield 2017). With the assistance of this apparatus, the framework examiner is capable to describe an information system along with simplifying it by utilizing a set of data, object, network and even process models.
Prototyping
This tool helps to test the concepts of a system and provides opportunity for examining input, output as well as the user interface before making final decisions. A model is considered as an early form of a data framework to show the working. The model fills in as an underlying model of the framework and can be set as a benchmark for assessing the created framework. In both setting, prototyping speeds up the procedure for improvement of data framework.
Systems development methods
Structured analysis
A model is considered as an early form of a data framework to exhibit the working. The model fills in as an underlying model of the framework and can be set as a benchmark for assessing the created framework. In both setting, prototyping speeds up the procedure for improvement of data framework (Patel 2014). This method for systems development was evolved during the age of mainframe processing but still it is a dominant method for systems development. A top-down approach is being followed by this method thus it can be easily comprehended when compared to object oriented analysis. In this method, there is a necessity that one stage must be finished before continuing to the following stage. Consequently, there might be issue in the plan particularly while error occurs or there is change in requirements (Adams 2015). This method is dependent on functionality where identification of overall purpose is done at first and then functional decomposition is carried out to develop a system. Thus, the concept of this system development method helps to better understand a system and develop complete systems. The cost of creating frameworks with this technique is high as the improvement of entire framework must be done immediately so that there is little extension to include usefulness at later stage. This technique for framework improvement does not gives alternative to reuse code in this way the required time and cost related with advancement is high.
Object oriented analysis
In this strategy, the segments of information or process in a framework are alluded to as articles and it is utilized by framework examiners for demonstrating business process or task in genuine situation. The outcomes accomplished from this technique is an arrangement of programming objects speaking to genuine individuals, transactions along with things and events. The focus of this method is on data not procedures like structural analysis. The functionality in this system development is limited within objects only. Thus, it becomes difficult to design procedural or computational systems. The principles of this method particularly data encapsulation helps to design a system such that the parts within the system is not able to tamper the system (Tilley and Rosenblatt 2017). This method does not provides an option of identifying the objects that would help to generate optimal design for the system. The models being used by this method does not shows the communications that occurs among objects within the system. In this method, it is not possible to design a single diagram for demonstrating the interfaces between different objects. This method is suitable for designing complex systems as it helps to manage software complexity by using modularity. The systems being developed following this method can be easily upgraded from small to a large one with ease.
Analysis of relationships
|
Association |
Relationship |
Analysis |
|
Client - Order |
1:M |
There is a One-to-Many relationship between Client and Order means that a single client can place many orders. |
|
Client - Mechanic |
1:1 |
There is a One-to-One relationship between Client and Mechanic which means that a single client will be allocated only a single mechanic. |
|
Mechanic - Service |
1:M |
There is a One-to-Many relationship between Mechanic and Service means a single mechanic can be associated with different service orders. |
|
Service - Bill |
1:1 |
There is a One-to-One relationship between Service and Bill which means that a single service order will have only a single bill. |
|
Order - Bill |
1:1 |
There is a One-to-One relationship between Order and Bill which means that a single order will have only a single bill. |
|
Order - Item |
M:N |
There is a Many-to-Many relationship between Order and Items as many orders may have many items contained as per the client order. |
|
Service - Item |
1:M |
There is a One-to-Many relationship between Service and Item which means that a single service order may require different items to complete the order. |
Conclusion
From this investigation on Ola Bicycle, it can presumed that a data framework is required to deal with their business tasks. There are five noteworthy framework necessities that has been distinguished in setting to the business instance of Ola Bicycle. The data framework to be created must have the capacity to satisfy the decided prerequisites. The dialog in certainty discovering strategies speak to that Questionnaire is the most appropriate strategy in setting to gathering data from representatives of Ola Bicycle. The two framework improvement apparatuses and techniques that has been talked about in this report are reasonable for advancement of the required data framework. The displaying exercise delineates the framework ideas with the goal that the data framework can be created proficiently to satisfy prerequisites of Ola Bicycle.
References
Adams, K.M., 2015. Non-functional requirements in systems analysis and design (Vol. 28). Heidelberg: Springer.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Tegarden, D., 2015. Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented approach with UML. John wiley & sons.
Garfield, J., 2017. Assessing Theoretical Concepts in Systems Analysis and Design: A Scaffolded Case Study Approach
Munzner, T., 2014. Visualization analysis and design. CRC press.
Patel, N., 2014. Critical systems analysis and design: A personal framework approach. Routledge.
Reynolds, GW., 2015. ‘An overview of ethics’, in Ethics in Information Technology (3rd edn), Cengage Learning, Boston, pp. 1-39.
Tilley, S. and Rosenblatt, H., 2017. Systems Analysis and Design, 11th edition, Cengage Learning.
Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J., 2014. Essentials of systems analysis and design. Prentice Hall Press.
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