Application Of Butler Theory Of Tourism Development

1. What is your age?

Table 1: Age group

(Source: created by author)

Figure 3: Age group

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: From the above table it can be analysed that there is Clear maturity among the people in the society regarding their interest in having tourism as their option for refreshment. The people those were undertaken for survey mostly where in the age group of 30 years to 40 which means that they are well settled and in established job that guarantees tourism as a mode of refreshment. It is seen from the above table and figures that age group of 40 to 50 and 50 above have soon 19% and 13% respectively in terms of their age group.

2. What is your annual income?

Table 2: Income range

(Source: created by author)

Figure 4: Income range

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: Getting tourism as their option for refreshment and luxury demand certain sum of money that can be only gained from fixed amount of services and employment. It is saying that people who income per month. From the above table and figure it is clear that 68% out of the 80 people who are undertaken for the survey have said that they have the above mentioned range of income.

3. Do you like visiting places?

Table 3: Opinion on visiting place

(Source: created by author)

Figure 5: Opinion on visiting place

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: From the above table there is a clear view point of common people in the society regarding their thought and opinion on visiting places. It is seen that as for the common human psychology majority of the people out of the survey have selected in terms of giving their opinion on whether they like visiting places or not. From the above table and the figure given it can be seen that 69% of the people have voted yes whereas 31% have voted no.

4. How often do you make trips and tours?

Table 4: Frequency of making trips

(Source: created by author)

Figure 6: Frequency of making trips

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: Visiting place for my life has been always a dream and reality for people in the society. It is clear that making tricks with family and colleagues and swing remains to be an important place in the life of every people therefore From the above table and figure it can be seen that 44% of the people in the society agrees that they often plan for trip and outing in terms of vacation and holidays with your family is and colleagues for refreshing their mind. It is clear that why only “often” have been selected out of very often from the survey questionnaire, because money factor plays an important role in the society for gaining such luxurious thoughts of trip and outing. It must be usually noted that people who have voted for less number of times in thoughts of Giving And making trip are larger than the people who very often go for trip and tourism collection. It is so because the income level of the society is something that remains to be uncertain and very few people are certain of their future income being stable. It is seen that 17% of the people have voted for less number of time whereas only 13% have selected “very often option”.

5. What type of destination do you prefer?

Table 5: Type of destination preferred

(Source: created by author)

Figure 7: Type of destination preferred

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: Going for a tour of our vacation is every people dream in society leaving with all their expectations and walk together. It is clear that every opportunity for the people in the society remains to be going for outing of a vacation with your family, classmates colleagues so as to freshen them up from the daily bottom or melancholic stroke of life. From the above table and figure it can be seen that people do love to visit places with something adventurous and new together in the life. It can be seen that 44% of the people out of 80 people who were undertaken for serving have supported that they preferred coastal destination for going out and making them self refreshed. It must not go unnoticed that hilly destination does not go far beyond the views of the people as it is seen that 37% out of 80 have preferred such destination as something new and adventurous for making them refreshed out of the same go strain.

6. Do you think Cambridge is a good tourist destination?

Table 6: Thoughts regarding Cambridge being a good tourist spot

(Source: created by author)

Figure 8: Thoughts regarding Cambridge being a good tourist spot

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: Every tourist spot Wings of becoming a good one in the eyes and the views of the twist in the society and in the world. Similar is in the case of Cambridge tourist industry, as defined knowing the customer reviews over making the tourist industry further more attractive. It is most obvious that becoming a tourist spot with the full feeling of everyone satisfaction is a tough one but Cambridge have somehow managed to make sure that they remain so. From the above table and figure it is seen that 44% out of 80 people undertaken for survey agrees in voting the Cambridge tourist industry as a good one. However, simply agreeing over fact that Cambridge is a good one indicates that there are few issues that need to be solved by the organisation so as to make the vote of the common people and the tourist turned on strongly agreeing that the society of Cambridge as a tourist spot. It is alarming to see that 31% of the people have strongly agreed on the fact that Cambridge is a good tourist spot.

7. Do you agree Cambridge promotes sustainable tourism?

Table 7: Thoughts on promotion of sustainable tourism

(Source: created by author)

Figure 9: Thoughts on promotion of sustainable tourism

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: On asking the questions regarding whether the people in the society accept that Cambridge tourism industry support sustainable development there was a huge response of strongly agreed to the fact that there is sustainable development in the society. From the above table It is seen that 44% of the people out of 80 people undertaken for survey have supported That Cambridge tourism industry support sustainable development. On the other hand it must be seen that a significant amount of people out of the 80 people undertaken for survey have said that the artistic ring on the fact that Cambridge is following sustainable development. It is seen from the above table and figure that 19% of the people things such regarding sustainable development being practiced.

8. Do you agree that Cambridge shall undertake some actions to develop tourism?

Table 8: Thoughts of people on actions undertaken

(Source: created by author)

Figure 10: Thoughts of people on actions undertaken

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: Tourism needs to be in regard with the people in the society by confronting their needs and satisfaction level. This is why it is important that every society for tourism spot must make sure that there is proper development in the field of tourism so as to make sure that there is no lagging behind. The fast growing world. Similar thought have been awakened by 50% of the people undertaken for survey by making sure that the tick the “strongly agree” option provided to them. It must also be seen and noted that in the above table agreeing on the situation of bringing in more Development Industry by Cambridge he is backed by both negative and positive answers with similar 19% out of 80. It can be charged so because there may be situation where 19% of people who are agreeing on development find few places or field lacking behind the other stages of the world and on the other hand the 19 person who are not agreeing for development finds everything correct.

9. Why tourism promotion is necessary for Cambridge?

Table 9: Importance of promotion in tourism

(Source: created by author)

Figure 11: Importance of promotion in tourism

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: For clear understanding of section that leads to the definition of making tourism industry for more functional and effective there is always a need to make sure that promotion is done at its best. Most of the scenarios from the table and from the figure above can justify that in response to the operation of the organisation or a society. From the above table It is seen that promotion of tourism is important because it would help in gathering employment in the society. This thought is backed by 56% of the people undertaken for survey out of it. Nevertheless it is also seen that community development also comes as an important factor which is guided in terms of having the promotion for tourism. It is seen that 13% of the people undertaken for survey out of 80 have supported such. It must be considered that infrastructure also gets an important place with the promotion of tourism in society, since, It is seen that 19% out of 80 people undertaken for survey have supported such view.

10. What steps shall government take in developing tourism of Cambridge?

Table 10: Steps that can be taken

(Source: created by author)

Figure 12: Steps that can be taken

(Source: created by author)

Analysis: In terms of understanding the situation in Cambridge regarding the development of tourism industry, it is important to understand the thoughts of the common people regarding the states that are naturally to be undertaken by the government. It is essential to understand from the above table and figure that it is clear most of the people in the society are in the paper for making the tourism industry more developed in situation like this with such huge growth of other industries. From the above table it can be understood that 50% of the people undertaken for the survey regarding understanding the steps that are needed to be undertaken by government says that corporate sponsorship of The Heritage building would be great for the development of the tourism industry. It can be seen that 50% out of 80 people for survey have agreed over this. It is clear that 25% of the people have supported that experiences only count not the business sightseeing. It is also noticed that a very few amount of people agree in making the tourism marketing strategy an aggressive one.

4.1 Qualitative Analysis

1. How Butler’s theory of tourism development is helpful for developing tourism?

Butler started working in the year 1980 on carrying capacity of tourism as well as sustainability. According to his opinions tourist attractions and the Imperial sites tend to be fragile and are supposed to be managed carefully so that they are not enabled for exceeding capacity limits. Tourist destinations carry seeds with them of their own damage and destruction. Therefore each and every tourist destination and its management multiply trick for managing the sites and their importance so that they do not get self destructive (Poria et al. 2014). In 1980 Butler showed that the tourism cycle could be of six distinct stages. Butler has explain the concept of the tourism cycle regarding evaluation where he has stated that visitors may initially come to any area or site in relatively small numbers is restricted by the lack of accessibility local knowledge and facilities. However, with the increase in the number of facilities provided and with the growth of awareness among people count of visitors shall simultaneously increase. With proper information about marketing dissemination and provision of further facilities including ancillary services popularity of any tourist destination would grow in a rapidly. Apparently rate of the increase in the number of visitors shall decline as the carrying capacity levels are reached. this can be identified in the context of the environmental factors for example water quality air quality and scarcity of land and even the physical factors such as transportation accommodation as well as other services.

With the decline in attractiveness of the area as compared to other areas which has been the case of Cambridge actual count of the visitors decrease due to overuse of the area as well as impacts of the visitors. Typical cause regarding the development has a definite pattern. People choose distinctive areas and localities for staying out and feel relaxed based upon their profession (Hannam et al. 2014). This can be explained with example of painters who search how to the unusual and untouched places for painting. They often opt for places which are calm and serene as well as suitable for some art. The 6 stages of butler's Tourism Development include exploration stage, involvement stage, development stage, consolidation stage, stagnation stage, and decline and rejuvenation stage. The exploration stage employee’s limited number of the tourists and the tour packages are based over primary attractions of tourist which may be cultural or natural. No particular secondary attraction of tourism is present in this stage and tourism has hardly any social economical significance to the local residents or the neighbours. In the second stage of the tourism cycle he has indicated the involvement of local residents and emergence of the secondary tourism that facilitates guest houses. Seasons of tourism are developed in this stage and pressure over government is also created in order to improve the transport and accessibilities for the tourists. in the 3rd stage the development stage high count of the tourists may even exceeds local population at the time of peak periods and heavy advertisements shell create well defined market for tourists. Involvement of local people as well as controlling the tourist areas rapidly declines. External organisations eventually provide support to the destination and management of tourism in the region where secondary attractions of tourists are also managed. Both cultural as well as Natural attractions will be marketed and developed and local people of the neighbours of the region experience hard physical changes to that particular area which may not get any approval. In the consideration stage growth of tourism generally slows but number of the tourists makes seeds local population. Cambridge can be considered to be in this stage as excessive tourists can be found in Cambridge for which the tourist spot has lost its attraction and suffered damage and destruction. Advertising and Marketing in this stage is considered to be wide reaching and major tourism chains and franchises shall be represented. Resort areas shall have well defined districts for recreational business and Tourism arouses discontent and opposition from few local people. In the stagnation stage numbers of visitors have reached the peak and carrying capacity had been exceeded. According to Butler tourism often causes social economic and environmental problems. There is lots become separated from the Geographic environment and artificial attractions of tourism supersede the primary attractions in the stage. The entire area is well established in its image but no longer becomes fashionable. The last stage of the decline and rejuvenation stage can be fragmented into 5 distinct scenarios which are as follows:

• successful development generally leads to a renewed growth
• minor modifications of the capacity levels leads to the modest growth within tourism
• Tourism becomes stabilized by the cutting of capacity levels
• continuing overuse of the resources as well as lack of the investment leads to a decline
• war disease and other catastrophe causes immediate collapse within the tourism

Therefore, following butler's model of Tourism Development is quite essential for Cambridge in order to socialize and promote sustainable tourism within the particular area or region. It is highly required that butler's model and its 6 stages are being followed in order to make Cambridge one of the most attractive and impressive tourist destinations all across the globe and can maintain its culture and uniqueness throughout even if the number of visitors increase with time. Involvement of the neighbours and local residence of Cambridge in promoting the tourist sites destinations and culture is highly important for contributing to the tourism sector of the region.

2. Why it is important for Cambridge to promote sustainable tourism?

Tourism is broadly referred to as the largest industry of the world and can be referred to as the means and source of achieving development in the community and socializing with paper. Understanding of the communities perceptions over tourism highly impacts the overall tourism community and it is quite significant. Prime reason behind the rising interest of visiting different tourist places which are of consumer’s interest has been significantly increasing as an evidence that the tourism can have both negative and positive impacts upon the local communities which are involved within the particular area region. A perception of different communities over the tourism seems to be impactful and a likely to be the most significant planning required for a successful development in the community. It is important for Cambridge in promoting the Sustainable Tourism as financial considerations, brand recognition, company image, marketing opportunities and environmental impacts can be related to Sustainable Tourism as well as the development of the entire region. Sustainable Tourism can be considered as the nutshell which develops a concept citing any place being a tourist as well as trying to make positive impacts upon the locality environment economy and Society. Sustainable Tourism implies supporting the locally managed organisations and with the businesses as well as participating in different activities which do not necessarily harm environment or exploit the local culture. It is match of Need for Cambridge to follow the path of Sustainable Tourism in order to make itself a reputable and prestigious site. Sustainable Tourism is referred to the eco-friendly tourism where geothermal hotels conservation efforts and the companies with carbon footprints under much concern. Several advantages of maintaining Sustainable Tourism is attached which can be marked as:

Benefits of local community:

The local community residents are not only benefited by employment opportunities but there also advantages in exploring locally operated and owned businesses on a frequent note being a sustainable tourist and the money directly goes back within the community. This typically means that the businesses owned by the local community residence bring accurate profits which help local community to stay profitable for a longer period of time even if the tourists have already left the places. Along with the management of the tourist places and destinations communities surrounding those particular regions get famous in order of providing ancillary services which are included in the Hospitality Services of tour packages. Nearby markets, banks, ATMs, cyber cafes, malls and other commercial areas are largely used by the tourists in order to make the tourism healthy and memorable.

Conserving natural resources:

Several unique ecosystems of Earth are made up in a way in which they are for particular and definite reasons which are merely not renewable. Tourists are required to avoid damaging any kind of natural resources and the Heritage of that particular region. Cambridge therefore needs to promote Sustainable Tourism as huge number of tourists who come and visit various places underneath the concerned area may damage and be destructive to the eco friendly places and destinations. in order to conserve the natural resources the management of tourism in Cambridge is supposed to undertake serious actions and employee proper rules and regulations as incorporated by the government for making the tourists aware about the lass caused due to damage. Therefore, excessive number of visitors shall not be given permit to visit the amenities and attractions of Cambridge where natural resources can be found in huge number.

Attractive tourist destinations:

Through supporting the locally Run tour businesses and Guides tourists are helpful and assisted about culture as well as environment of the region which is of the visit. Tour guides assist in understanding the origin and development of the culture related to a particular tourist site and excessive knowledge and information can be gathered through such interactions. Industry of tourism naturally helps in maintaining the culture and the natural land of area along with empowering and employing the local residents who are approved of living in the community for long period of time without having any need to change for the tourists. Sustainable Tourism therefore creates better places not only for visiting but also to live.

Avoiding resettlement and displacement of the local neighborhood:

Resettlement and displacement becomes consequence of the tourism as the tourist agencies along with the major food and Hotel companies come into advantages and benefits from influx of the potential customers. They do not need to care about survival of the local life. Rather they care for the profitability index and revenue generated from opening the businesses for attracting tourist and the visitors of the place. Sustainable Tourism advocates finding best combination regarding the profitable and exciting tourism and even continued the existence of the indigenous communities. Making programs which would exploit the culture and heritage of local communities for the entertainment of tourists must not be supported and accompanied by the tourists themselves. Industry of traditional tourism with additively large Eco footprint does not seem to be sustainable. Travelling becomes quite expensive and where especially experience in going and visiting the unique lands as well as cultural areas. Each and every prime tourist destination may begin to confirm as well as look same contorting themselves in offering sem services along with experiences.

Apart from all these impacts both negative and positive impacts of the development shall be considered from a comparatively wider perspective. Use of the natural resources by the future generations is not required to be impeded my present generation and therefore resources are supposed to be reserved for the future. Every political and social group which is affected by impact of the development must participate in the decision making procedures. Procedure of decision making must be concerned both environmentally and economically. Proper development of the local area must be taken under considerable account including sustainability of the political, ecological, agricultural, local and social systems.

3. What could be the issues of tourism development at Cambridge?

Physical environment as well as social fabric of the host community often gets formed due to excessive tourist arrival and rural underdevelopment. Natural environment along with tourism are linked inescapable e ensuring that the conservation and preservation occurs. As a result of the tourism avoiding you overexploitation and pollution shall be inevitable activities of the tourism planners along with the managers who required managing the rural resources for the tourism activities. Ensuring sustainability of the tourism projects in many regions such as Cambridge have relied upon preserving the natural resource base, community participation on the project and local culture. This in turn compass the entrepreneurs of the tourism companies for integrating environmental as well as social objectives in a more responsible way as well as distinguishing from other tourism entrepreneurs. Majority of the traditional livelihood in the rural and remote areas get abundant as tourism becomes an additional source of the livelihood.

Scenes with the traditional as well as nontraditional avenues play significant role in the tourism development a particular Holistic approach towards sustainability shall be required for continuing cultural social as well as economic well-being of the human communities as one of the most integral part of the environmental well being. In order to review the Holistic procedure of the Sustainable Tourism in Cambridge, awareness and understanding of the stakeholders involving community has been always the primary requirement.

Environmental impacts of the tourism can be broadly illustrated as did exercise number of visitors the area becomes polluted and is most harmful for the survival of local communities as well as for the tourists. Due to the habits and living styles all the lifestyles of tourists before much from the residence living in host areas on the local communities therefore their tastes and preferences medicine for which it impacts upon the psychological state of the localites. In order to attract from different sectors both government and the private entrepreneurs have already started for optimising opportunities to attract tourists towards their countries. For exploring numerals potentials which are inherent within the tourism industry several countries have begun designing their cities regions as well as states in a way which would attract tourist investors as well as the tourists. Development of the tourism being the alternative source of revenue has been a new strategy in most of the countries including Cambridge due to its multiplier effect over other sectors as well as regions of the economy. This has created huge volume of the employment for both and skilled unskilled labour. Impacts of the tourism can be felt within the nation environmental, economically and socially. At the level of society benefits main cut across the auditions designs as well as the professionals regardless of the gender, age bracket and race. Environmentally, tourism poses little potential for conserving natural environment, preserving the antiquities, traditional behaviours such as food, language, heritage, crafts, arts and culture as well as historical monuments. In an economical way, Tourism basically creates wealth which is capable to stimulate both foreign and domestic awnings of any particular Nation from the direct activities on the associated businesses. Some critical issues in the tourism of Cambridge marks higher levels of the fall during summer Seasons at their peak Times where the challenge becomes maintaining and ensuring higher levels of the customer service 2 almost 1000 visitors per day. Along with this ensuring that the service continuous for delivering unique elements which essentially provide reasons for the visitors to get engaged with the management of the tourism services online or in person. In addition, being a Tourism Organisation they have entirely funded themselves on their own in past years where there was strong focus over maintaining as well as developing sustainable streams of income alongside the delivery of strategic objectives. The tourists unintentionally degrade the beauty and richness of Cambridge as huge number of visitors has become the greatest issue in Cambridge tourism. The localites face it is a threat posed on them as they are always under a fear of satisfying customers who come from all across the world.

4. What are some recommendations that could be provided for promoting sustainable tourism and bringing tourism development at Cambridge?

Some possibly best aspects to run a business within the Cambridge can be identified that includes engaging with the wide range of the organisations based both within Cambridge as well as in the surrounding area from the visitor attractions to the hotels as well as from the shops to the restaurants. In addition to this wide range of the visitors can be made from all across the world. Cambridge is rich in history culture and beauty as well as famous being the centre of the innovation and Science. It becomes a privilege as well as an absolute pleasure for visiting such area and makes it happening tourism destination like other attractive places. However, there is some loopholes and causes due to which Cambridge tourism lack excellence in spite of putting efforts in managing customers on a daily note. In order to mitigate the challenges encountered by Cambridge tourism management, government as well as the private tourism entrepreneurs Must Think about some broad ideas and concepts which can be introduced in order to make the tourism as a soothing source of revenue and not a hard source.

Keeping abreast of the developments within Technology is significant to the businesses such as hotels and restaurants within the Cambridge and other businesses delivering Customer services. It ensures that the businesses provide exact and accurate information to the visitor's as well as provides with the constant opportunities to enhance and develop experiences of the visitors. Technology has enabled several businesses for issuing e tickets to the visitors for varied range of the activities and therefore are currently exploding distinct ways for which they can represent height is product within the Cambridge and make the reason more attractive sensor less engaging to the younger visitors using local digital solutions and augmented reality. Providing best customer service is always recommended to the government and other private businesses in order to attract tourists from different parts of the world however it becomes difficult when huge visitors visit the area each day. Encouraging visitors as well as supporting them in each and every activity that they would find interesting and attractive would be the best possible method for outranging the customer service and bring in excellence. Innovative transport facilities as well as other accessibilities and ancillary services such as luggage, car parking and Internet services must be provided to the customers at a reasonable rate so that they find comfortable to stay within the region.

Allowing corporate sponsorship for the Heritage buildings is much essential for managing the customers of visitors when they come on a large note and may degrade and damage the beauty of the region. By enabling corporate sponsorships the tourism management of Cambridge can essentially provide proper accessibilities and facilities to the customers within a definite amount of funding as well as manage their activities through different sources. Corporate entrepreneurs promote modern piece of the entire city as the centre for Innovation and Science along with the rich heritage possessed by Cambridge. In the physical terms they are even able to do all this through the several centers showcasing past, future and present of Cambridge.

In order to create experiences rather than only sightseeing Sports the businesses in Cambridge shell actively network along with other organisations or destinations for sharing best practices. This would be particularly important provided a significant decline in the public funding for the tourism over past years and the need for the Tourism Organisation for becoming self sufficient even more. Show the partnerships developed on a both regional and national context the businesses would be able to drop down the funding for national tourism for Cambridge. Promotional activities and advertisements must be wide enough and outline gym in order to attract more and more customers from all over the world and therefore proper marketing strategies and techniques are needed to be established. Digital marketing is one of the newest and fastest platforms for carrying out the promotional activities as well as advertisements and reach out to the customer on the earliest time possible. It is quite important for the private entrepreneurs as well as government for attracting tourists who have not visited Cambridge yet and therefore intellectual marketing techniques and tools are to be used for making the region well known and popular.

Making the infrastructure and other facilities accessible to the tourists, it becomes easier for the government as well as the private tourism entrepreneurs of the region for attracting more and more tourists. It is quite important that the tourists enjoy proper and advanced facilities so that they would feel comfortable in the new area or locality and it would gradually increase the reputation and image of the tourist destination. Even the neighborhood of the tourist destination must be Cooperative and is required to operate several functionalities to comfort the customers arriving at Cambridge from all over the world. The government must build up the infrastructure in a way so that the customers find it quite convenient and comfortable while travelling in and around the region of the locality of Cambridge. Special attractions and amenities for the teenagers and children must be made up so that they do not find the area boring and monotonous. Refreshment and recreational activities must be provided by the government and private tourism entrepreneurs. Attractive hotels as well as superior quality serviced restaurants shall be present within the locality of the neighborhood of Cambridge in order to solve the customers with best of the services within the tourism package. Promotional discounts and offers are also one of the most attractive techniques to make the tour packages special and precious for the customers and therefore it induces them for making proper tours and travels. It is highly required that the customers are given more facilities within the tour packages then there to get separately by paying off. Customers often find opportunities to relax at reasonable packages so that you did not have to bear the burden of extra cost and every type of client can afford such packages. The tour agencies as well as the guides must be always available for the customers with the 24/7 service.

Chapter 5: Conclusion

5.0 Conclusion

From the above research paper it is clear that actually exist in terms of tourism is based upon better understanding of actor and resolution that required amount of decision making and planning. Opportunity and achievement that allows the operation of us it with the help of tourism industry get their importance requires proper understanding of fact that tourism industry does not go individually into a place what is followed by proper aspect and evolution. Resulting in a very important factor research paper have clearly helped In understanding what is required to be developed for better management of strategy in making tourism industry something more than that is required for operation.

From the above research paper in addition to the previous information presented it is also clear that marking of the development issues and thought leave the people in the society are well documented with the help of Survey and interview. Intervention of Informatics and research paper is guided with the help of clear understanding of factors which are in terms of making sure that the butler theory of tourism is well guiding the basic important and requirement of tourism in a society. Model for the research paper have clearly understood the views, thoughts and ideas of the people regarding tourism as a basic factors that guides the operation of tourism in the society.

The research paper have also mentioned about different theories and possible factors which required important description and definition for understanding tourism as a source of income as well as a source of developing the society. It is also clear that methods for making this research work a successful one have also been implemented and well versed and therefore resulting in development that would guide success throughout the society of Cambridge.

5.1 Linking with objectives

A research work can be only deemed as successful only if the research work is based and directly related to the objectives predetermined and the results outcome.

To evaluate butler's theory of the tourism development there have been clear discussion in literature review that have clearly described about the butler theory of tourism development in the operation. The literature review have clearly made factors easier to understand regarding the importance of Atlas theory of Tourism Development moreover it is seen that assessment and its applicability in the research war have also been described hair. Butler’s theory of Tourism Development have been in contest of literature review so as to make sure that every inch of information is well supported with promissory factors that are greater than values and ideas of common people but following the satisfaction level of those who maintain or determine the operation of tourism industry. Moreover, the literature review section have done best possible work to make sure that the butler theory of Tourism Development is well understood by the readers and the future researcher who will be taking this research as a form of guidance.

To relate the butler theory in the context of tourism at the Cambridge They have been instances in the research paper with the providing of Information and factors through the help of literature review and the section of data analysis part. The stages of business operation from its opening to its strength and its downfall have been presented through numerical values from the point of view of the customer. It is clear and well understood that the information regarding Butler theory of tourism at Cambridge is clearly depicted with the mentality of the customer in the society. Development of tourism and its important factors in this research have been possible through the Strength and the important marking guiding of the economic significance. Redirection has well managed the words and values that it required understanding of the butler theory in addition to the required success of the organisation.

To identify issues of the tourism development at Cambridge have been possible with the help of data analysis section in the research work. Evidently it can be understood that issues of tourism in the society cannot be directly. It out but can be clearly impersonated with the challenges faced by the customers in the society. Thoughts and regards of factor that requires clear understanding of information have been presented in the Table 1 which is identifying the age group of the people and table 2, which marks the income level of the customers in this. Is a factor of issues that could work the tourism industry to be known successful as in terms of proper public purpose perspective. Moreover the tables in the data analysis section, Have also mentioned about the proper steps that could be undertaken to understand the issues including road and thought of the common people in society.

To provide or suggest fruitful recommendations regarding the up-gradation of Cambridge for a well-known tourist destination have been justified and cleared by the data analysis section of the research paper. It is usually important to understand that recommendation provided by the literature review and the table of data analysis part are from the perspective of the customers are the stakeholders and the tourist who deem to have the important placement factor for the understanding of the requirement of the tourism industry. More carefully, there have understood of the factors including the understanding of the importance that is hidden in terms of protecting the heritage buildings, building roads and better communication and transportation, making tourism an experience not sightseeing and many more.

5.2 Research Limitations

Successful completion of a research work demand ample amount of factors to be taken care of so that those factors does not hinder the operation of the researcher while achieving their objective or goal in successful manner. It is clear that without limitation and research advantages are two sides of a single coin and therefore facing one of these have 50% probability in the whole research work. For the successful completion of the research work there have been issues regarding time frame. The time frame is an important aspect while completion of a research since it demands clear understanding of time management and proper identification of resources within time that would guide the development of the research work till the achieving of the outcome. The time limit has been a factor for the completion of the project since the frame that was ever did was much less than the actual needed time. However, for the completion of the project in time there have been steps undertaken which mitigated the issue of time frame but did not mitigate the common factor of scarcity of time. Limitation in terms of understanding and analysing the percentage values of the views and ideas presented in form of research survey questionnaire also proved to be a critical point in the completion of the research work. The qualitative research through interview have also been hectic as because digging out the actual information or proper analysing the views of the people interviewed is really next to something very hectic. Although, there were ample resources present for the topic selected but the financial resource that prove After Dark for the completion of these research in a successful manner. Visiting places and going through Limited source of resources with Limited amount of financial backup did mark a point in terms of research limitation.

5.3 Recommendations

From the above research work it is evidently understood that there are steps that are needed to be undertaken as fast as possible for the betterment of the tourism industry in Cambridge. With the following of the Butler theory of tourism it is clear and evident that responsibility of development lies in the hand of common people and in the hand of government. Most importantly the recommendation required proper implementation also, as because most of the examination is based upon the actual resources required for making tourism and attractive occupation as well as segment for developing countries as well as developed ones. It is clear that achievement of tourism development and success can be only possible with thorough understanding of the society and their needs with association to the requirement level of the customer and the resources present.

Allow corporate sponsorships for heritage buildings, can be implemented in the process of making sure that the organisation in terms of tourism segment is made to be a successful sector in the society. Most importantly before implementation of the corporate society on the Heritage building it is to be understood that pros and cons goes head to head while any new implementation over a segment. Corporate sponsorship for heritage building would provide extra amount of insurance for those building as because Heritage brings up the most chances for tourism in a particular society or a country.

Creating experiences and not sightseeing spot is also a kind of recommendation for the government as because it indulges the development of tourism in not only from the view of business but also in the view of human thought and beliefs. Making new experiences target or projects the information regarding the situation that tourism must provide to the customer are the tourist in the society. This recommendation would like to include situation which mark the happiness of the tourist so that they can discuss it with others regarding the pleasure that they caught while making the tourism as their refreshment idea.

The government could also ensure that there is proper accessibility of connectivity from the mainland to the tourist spot itself. Successful understanding of situation, regarding the importance of proper roads and access point acts as the development options for most of the problem for any society providing service in terms of tourism.

Aggressive tourism marketing strategies could also be implemented but it can be appointed in a manner that aggression does not bring food full result in long-term views therefore there can be other alternative which may be included instead of aggression in marketing strategies. The disbelief over the marketing strategy in aggressive manner were also shown through the survey conducted among 80 people

Now the recommendation for allowing corporate sponsorship for heritage buildings well supported with the highest number of respondents from the one selected for survey therefore it can be made into a situation which would like to implement this has recommending factor of development.

5.4 Future scopes

The research work have developed the proper Framework for understanding the views and ideas of the common people who were surveyed and interviewed regarding their thought on the model based on tourism. It has clearly supported the Framework on which research project is based and have provided the researcher ample opportunity together much information which is worth a lifetime. The research work would provide a greater scope or advantage to the Future research fellow workers in terms of understanding the Butler’s theory of tourism and its implementation in real life. The definitions provided in literature review and the theories presented will give ample of opportunity for the readers in future to go in outer knowledge on importance of tourism and the importance of generic model required. The potential application of the research work is based up on the way the future Research and readers will implement but it can be clearly understood that the applicability of the model presented in the topic of this research work will be of use importance in conducting research similar to the topic chosen. A wide sense of understanding it is clear that the research project does not only relates to a single thought of just completing a research project but also provide scope of understanding what tourism is capable of in making an economy a huge development arena. While concentrating on the future scope that the research work would provide not mentioning of the importance that the survey has provided would prove effective in understanding the research work. The server in terms of quantity when a light is provided in the research will give the future leaders and researchers and overview of the society and the mentality of the people present in it. The qualitative data that have been gathered from interview in the research work will provide the researcher the manner that they need to implement while interviewing someone in terms and regards of the topic presented and undertaken.

References

Agarwal, S., 2016. The resort cycle and seaside tourism: an assessment of its applicability and validity. Tourism management, 18(2), pp.65-73

Algozzine, B. and Hancock, D., 2016. Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College Press

Beerli, A. and Martin, J.D., 2014. Factors influencing destination image. Annals of tourism research, 31(3), pp.657-681

Bimonte, S. and Punzo, L.F., 2016. Tourist development and host–guest interaction: An economic exchange theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 58, pp.128-139.

Brida, J.G. and Zapata, S., 2014. Cruise tourism: economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 1(3), pp.205-226

Buhalis, D. and Fletcher, J., 2014. Environmental impacts on tourist destinations: an economic analysis. Sustainable tourism development., pp.3-24

Chinn, C.A. and Rinehart, R.W., 2016. Epistemic cognition and philosophy: Developing a new framework for epistemic cognition. Handbook of epistemic cognition, pp.460-478

Dwyer, L. and Forsyth, P., 2013. Economic significance of cruise tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), pp.393-415

Gentles, S.J., Jack, S.M., Nicholas, D.B. and McKibbon, K., 2014. Critical approach to reflexivity in grounded theory. The Qualitative Report, 19(44), pp.1-14

Getz, D., 2013. Tourism planning and destination life cycle. Annals of tourism research, 19(4), pp.752-770

Hannam, K., Butler, G. and Paris, C.M., 2014. Developments and key issues in tourism mobilities. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, pp.171-185.

Hiemstra, S. and Wong, K.K., 2013. Factors affecting demand for tourism in Hong Kong. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 13(1-2), pp.41-60

Jones, E., Taylor, B., MacArthur, C., Pritchett, R. and Cummins, C., 2016. The effect of early postnatal discharge from hospital for women and infants: a systematic review protocol. Systematic reviews, 5(1), p.24

McCune, E., 2016. A technical foundation for RF CMOS power amplifiers: Part 4: Misunderstandings in PA design. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, 8(2), pp.75-82

Poria, Y., Butler, R. and Airey, D., 2014. Links between tourists, heritage, and reasons for visiting heritage sites. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), pp.19-28.

Prideaux, B., 2015. Factors affecting bilateral tourism flows. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), pp.780-801

Roche, W. and Shogenji, T., 2014. Confirmation, transitivity, and Moore: The screening-off approach. Philosophical Studies, 168(3), pp.797-817

Sánchez-Rivero, M. and Cárdenas-García, P.J., 2014. Population characteristics and the impact of tourism on economic development. Tourism Geographies, 16(4), pp.615-635

Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J. and Szivas, E.M., 2014. Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism Management, 45, pp.260-274.

Sytsma, J. and Buckwalter, W. eds., 2016. A companion to experimental philosophy (Vol. 61). John Wiley & Sons

Teknomo, K., 2016. Microscopic pedestrian flow characteristics: Development of an image processing data collection and simulation model. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.00029

Turner, K.G., Anderson, S., Gonzales-Chang, M., Costanza, R., Courville, S., Dalgaard, T., Dominati, E., Kubiszewski, I., Ogilvy, S., Porfirio, L. and Ratna, N., 2016. A review of methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration. Ecological Modelling, 319, pp.190-207

Van der Borg, J. and Russo, A.P., 2015. The impacts of culture on the economic development of cities. Rotterdam: European Institute for ComparativeUrban Research

Vellas, F., 2011, October. The indirect impact of tourism: an economic analysis. In Third Meeting of T20 Tourism Ministers

Wang, D. and Ap, J., 2013. Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China. Tourism Management, 36, pp.221-233.

Yoon, Y., Gursoy, D. and Chen, J.S., 2013. Validating a tourism development theory with structural equation modeling. Tourism management, 22(4), pp.363-372

Appendices

Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaire

1. What is your age?

• 20-30
• 30-40
• 40-50
• 50 and above

2. What is your annual income?

• 30000-40000
• 40000-50000
• 50000 and above

3. Do you like visiting places?

• Yes
• No

4. How often do you make trips and tours?

• Very often
• Often
• Neutral
• Less
• Negligible times

5. What type of destination do you prefer?

• Coastal destination
• Urban destination
• Rural destination
• Hilly destination

6. Do you think Cambridge is a good tourist destination?

• Strongly Agree
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
• Strongly disagree

7. Do you agree Cambridge promotes sustainable tourism?

• Strongly Agree
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
• Strongly disagree

8. Do you agree that Cambridge shall undertake some actions to develop tourism?

• Strongly Agree
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
• Strongly disagree

9. Why tourism promotion is necessary for Cambridge?

• Employment
• Increasing of pending in local community
• Infrastructure
• Diversification
• Environmental advantages

10. What steps shall government take in developing tourism of Cambridge?

• Allow Corporate sponsorships for heritage buildings
• Creating experiences not sightseeing spots
• Aggressive tourism marketing strategy
• Building great roads and access points
• Sell niche tourism areas separately

Appendix 2: Interview questionnaire

1. How Butler’s theory of tourism development is helpful for developing tourism at Cambridge?

1st manager: “According to me with the increase in the number of facilities provided and with the growth of awareness among people count of visitors shall simultaneously increase.”

2^nd manager: “I think with the decline in attractiveness of the area as compared to other areas which has been the case of Cambridge actual count of the visitors decrease due to overuse of the area as well as impacts of the visitors.”

3^rd manager: “In accordance to the question I believe that no particular secondary attraction of tourism is present in this stage and tourism has hardly any social economical significance to the local residents or the neighbours. In the second stage of the tourism cycle he has indicated the involvement of local residents and emergence of the secondary tourism that facilitates guest houses”

4^th manager: “As per my perception advertising and Marketing in this stage is considered to be wide reaching and major tourism chains and franchises shall be represented. Resort areas shall have well defined districts for recreational business and Tourism arouses discontent and opposition from few local people.”

5^th manager: “In my opinion apparently rate of the increase in the number of visitors shall decline as the carrying capacity levels are reached. this can be identified in the context of the environmental factors for example water quality air quality and scarcity of land and even the physical factors such as transportation accommodation as well as other services.”

2. Why it is important for Cambridge to promote sustainable tourism?

1st manager: “According to me tour guides assist in understanding the origin and development of the culture related to a particular tourist site and excessive knowledge and information can be gathered through such interactions.”

2^nd manager: “I think Cambridge is supposed to undertake serious actions and employee proper rules and regulations as incorporated by the government for making the tourists aware about the lass caused due to damage.”

3^rd manager: “In accordance to the question I believe that along with the management of the tourist places and destinations communities surrounding those particular regions get famous in order of providing ancillary services which are included in the Hospitality Services of tour packages. Nearby markets, banks, ATMs, cyber cafes, malls and other commercial areas are largely used by the tourists in order to make the tourism healthy and memorable.”

4^th manager: “In my opinion resettlement and displacement becomes consequence of the tourism as the tourist agencies along with the major food and Hotel companies come into advantages and benefits from influx of the potential customers. They do not need to care about survival of the local life.”

5^th manager: “As per my perception

3. What could be the issues of tourism development at Cambridge?

1st manager: “I think due to the habits and living styles all the lifestyles of tourists before much from the residence living in host areas on the local communities therefore their tastes and preferences medicine for which it impacts upon the psychological state of the localites.”

2^nd manager: “As per my perception scenes with the traditional as well as nontraditional avenues play significant role in the tourism development a particular Holistic approach towards sustainability shall be required for continuing cultural social as well as economic well-being of the human communities as one of the most integral part of the environmental well being.”

3^rd manager: “In my opinion environmentally, tourism poses little potential for conserving natural environment, preserving the antiquities, traditional behaviours such as food, language, heritage, crafts, arts and culture as well as historical monuments.”

4^th manager: “In accordance to the question I believe that physical environment as well as social fabric of the host community often gets formed due to excessive tourist arrival and rural underdevelopment. Natural environment along with tourism are linked inescapable e ensuring that the conservation and preservation occurs.”

5^th manager: “According to me the tourists unintentionally degrade the beauty and richness of Cambridge as huge number of visitors has become the greatest issue in Cambridge tourism.”

4. What are some recommendations that could be provided for promoting sustainable tourism and bringing tourism development at Cambridge?

1st manager: “In my opinion creating experiences rather than only sightseeing Sports the businesses in Cambridge shell actively network along with other organizations or destinations for sharing best practices.”

2^nd manager: “According to me providing best customer service is always recommended to the government and other private businesses in order to attract tourists from different parts of the world however it becomes difficult when huge visitors visit the area each day.”

3^rd manager: “In accordance to the question I believe that allowing corporate sponsorship for the Heritage buildings is much essential for managing the customers of visitors when they come on a large note and may degrade and damage the beauty of the region.”

4^th manager: “I think Keeping abreast of the developments within Technology is significant to the businesses such as hotels and restaurants within the Cambridge and other businesses delivering Customer services.”

5^th manager: “As per my perception there is some loopholes and causes due to which Cambridge tourism lack excellence in spite of putting efforts in managing customers on a daily note. In order to mitigate the challenges encountered by Cambridge tourism management, government as well as the private tourism entrepreneurs Must Think about some broad ideas and concepts which can be introduced in order to make the tourism as a soothing source of revenue and not a hard source.”