3Ache002W Skills For Computer Science: Assessment Answers

Principle

Explanation with illustration

Importance of this principle in design

PERCEPTION:

Pattern eg

proximity

It can be defined as a is a sense of the distance of how far the objects are from one another. In HCI it can mean how close or far the devices or aspects are from each other.

Proximity ison of the strongest principles to understand the relatedness of different objects, and helps us in understanding information in a more faster and efficient way.

continuity and closure

Continuity in HCI help in distinguishing the technologies since their modelling needs notions from mathematics that is continuous (Helander 2014). Closure can be defined as the tendency to interpret many elements as single and a recognizable pattern instead of multiple or individual subparts.

Continuous objects can be spotted easily by the human brains.

Closure can be used to reduce the information needed to transmit visual data, therefore reducing complexity. It is also often used to design company logos since it can easily communicate the brand's identity.

symmetry

Symmetry helps in duplication of multiple shapes and objects.

Symmetry help in making the objects look more consistent as well as easier to notice and design balancing of the software. It is user friendly as well (Lazar, Feng and Hochheiser 2017).

similarity

Similarity occurs when multiple objects as well as images are placed adjacently and they look identical to each other. The objects that are dissimilar are seen as a single entity.

Similarity helps in organizing the objects by the virtue of their relatedness to the different other objects in the group and are often determined by features such as orientation, colour, size as well as shape.

familiarity

This concept deals with the capability of an interactive system that allows the user in mapping with prior experiences, which can either be real world as well as experience gained from other systems, that can be integrated onto the a new system.

Familiarity makes the application more usable and user friendly.

Colour eg

trichromatic system

A trichromatic system combines three colures together

Red, blue and green are the 3 colours are more attractive and perceptive to human eye as they are primary colours so the interfaces can be coloured using these three colours for better visibility (Preece, Rogers and Sharp 2015).

luminance

Colours as well as their brightness have to be matched up well within the interfaces in order to make them easily visible, for example, texts that are light coloured will be difficult to be seen on a light coloured background. 

Interfaces need to be easily visible. Therefore, luminance is useful for the selection of a proper background and text colour.

‘pop out’ effect

The pop-out effect can act as a great source of diversion for the users to the latest happening in the systems. For example in case of a virus infection in a software, a pop up will be immediately launched on the screen, which will ideally be in bright red colour to notify the user in order to attract his attention.

Provides a good way of notifying the users and attract their attention.

Objects e.g.

Geons

Geons can give 2D shapes an easy visibility and also a perspective as shown below:

Figure: Explanation of Geons (Card 2017).

They are easily recognizable as well as cheaper to produce. They are also time saving mechanisms.

use of gross 3D shapes

2D shapes are being given the illusion of being perceived as 3D under in this concept.

A blueprint of a particular object is kept slightly higher or lower as compared to the original in order to give it a 3D appearance since some users may have difficulties to see 3D vision.

BEHAVIOUR MODELS:

Predictive models    

Fitts’ Law

This law shows that the required time to move rapidly to a target area is a functional ratio between the distance from the target and the target width.

It helps in highlighting the important points while pointing crucial tasks such as accuracy, pointing speed, target distance as well as size of the target.

Descriptive models

 Guiard’s Model

Guiard's model helps in the identification of how human's make use of their hands in most of the daily tasks, for instance playing a sport, writing, drawing as well as manipulating different objects. It is a quite descriptive model that does not have mathematical rigor but quite rich in the power of expressive.

This model helps in understanding that users do not have much probability to perform identical actions with their both hands, to the same degree of effectiveness as compared to the effectiveness of either hand.

INFORMATION PROCESSING:

Humans as a component; this is done through interpretation of the concepts

Overview of GOMS – just explain the principle below and then set out the GOM for your design on a separate document

goals

To identify the working procedure of a self-scan shopping application for a market

operators

Mobile phones, interaction with customers and shopkeepers

methods

Primary data collection such as interaction with shopkeepers etc.

selection

Based on the results from surveys and interactions in the markets.