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Phonology Homework Help Sample
6. In Hungarian, nouns have a range of suffixes for case and number whose forms vary according to which vowel(s) appear in their stems, as shown below (note: “ö” is a mid front rounded tense vowel): (4 points)
{`Stem Dative Singular (“to”) Ablative singular (“from”)
haz “house” haz-nak haz-tol
varos “town” varos-nak varos-tol
kutya “dog” kutya-nak kutya-tol
szoba “room” szoba-nak szoba-tol
mernök “engineer” mernök-nek mernök-töl
tömeg “crowd” tömeg-nek tömeg-töl
könyv “book” könyv-nek könyv-töl
fö “head” fö-nek fö-töl
`}
A) Based on the above data, what determines the choice of the allomorph of each suffix?
B) What extra rule is needed to account for the nouns below regarding their suffix forms?
{`
Dative Singular (“to”) Ablative singular (“from”)
beka “frog” beka-nak beka-tol
tenyar “plate” tenyar-nak tenyar-tol
csillag “star” csillag-nak csillag-tol
fotel “armchair” fotel-nek fotel-töl
`}
C) Given Hungarian barat-ok “friends” and feleseg “wife”, please translate “to friends”
and “from a wife” to Hungarian, assuming that they follow the rules that you have
discovered above:
“to friends”:_______ “from a wife”:_____
D) The delative case (i.e. “from the top of”) is represented by a suffix with 2 allomorphs:
i.e. “-rol” and “-röl”. Based on this information and the information above, what are
the Hungarian forms for “from the top of a house”, “from the top of a book”, and
“from the top of a head”?
“from the top of a house”: “from the top of a book”:____
“from the top of a head”: _______
- Consider the following sentences from Ineseňo Chumash, a language of the Chumash
family formerly spoken north of Santa Barbara, California (note: “c” is a voiceless
palatal stop consonant; “ü” is a high front rounded tense vowel; and “q” is a voiceless
uvular stop consonant): (8 points)
- stelmemen “He touches it.”
- noktelmemen “I will touch it.”
- strong>nosijtelmemen “They will touch it.”
- nokcimutelew “I will bite it.”
- kijcimutelew “We bite it.”
- sxiliwajan “It floats.”
- nokijxiliwajan “We will float.”
A) Based on your identification of morphemes in the seven Ineseňo Chumash sentences
above, please translate the following five Ineseňo Chumash sentences into English:
h) ktelmemen_____
i) scimutelew _________
j) nosijcimutelew _______
k) kijxiliwajan ______
l) nokxiliwajan _______
Here are four more Ineseňo Chumash sentences in which a morphological process is applied:
m) nosijteltelmemen “They will grope around for it.”
n) kteltelmemen “I grope around for it.”
o) scimcimutelew “he nibbles it.”
r) nokxilxiliwajan “I will float around.”
B) What is the semantic effect of this morphological process?
C) Please describe this morphological process or rule in your own words:
D) Given that the Ineseňo Chumash sentence “kxunijüw” means “I look for it.”, what is the Ineseňo Chumash translation of “They look all over for it.”?
E) Given that the Ineseňo Chumash sentence “skilitap” means “He comes in”, what is
the Ineseňo Chumash translation of “We will push in all over.”?
Here are five additional Ineseňo Chumash sentences in which a different version of the same morphological process is applied:
s) salimexkeken “He stretches it out.”
t) nokalkalimexkeken “I will stretch it out all over.”
u) seqwel “He does it.”
v) keqkeqwel “I do it all around.”
w) nosijsijeqwel “They will do it all around.”
F) How do you modify or change the morphological rule you presented in (C) above to accommodate this different version of the morphological process?
G) Based on your modified morphological rule, please translate the following sentences into Ineseňo Chumash:
“He stretches it out all over.” ____
“We stretch it out all over.” ______
“We will stretch it out all over.” ______________
“We do it all around.” ____________
“He will do it all around.” ________
Bonus Question (5 points): Tibetan Numerals
The Tibetan numerals below illustrate a word-formation process in Tibetan:
{`
Tibetan Numeral English Gloss
1. ->u Aten”
2. ->ig Aone”
3. ->ug▭ig Aeleven”
4. ▭i Afour”
5. ->ub▭i Afourteen”
6. ▭ib->u Aforty”
7. gu Anine”
8. ->urgu Anineteen”
9. gub->u Aninety”
10. Ja Afive”
11. ->uJa Afifteen”
12. Jab->u Afifty”
`}
Examine the data above, and answer the following three questions:
- A) List all the allomorphs of each of the following morphemes:
Aten”: Aone”: Afour”:
Anine”: Afive”:
- B) What is the ordering of morphemes in the Tibetan numerals in terms of morpheme
for single digit number, morpheme for teen, and morpheme for ten?
- a) teens (11, 14, 15, 19):
- b) tens (40, 50, 90):
- C) All the allomorphs of the same morpheme can be derived from its underlying form by the phonological rule(s) that show(s) the alternation or change of the morpheme into its allomorphs. State or write the phonological rule(s) to display the phonological change(s) involved in the Tibetan numeral-formation process:
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